“…Paper‐based potentiometric sensors are reported for detecting many ions and proteins (Cui, Lisak, Strzalkowska, & Bobacka, 2014; HuJun, Stein, & Bühlmann, 2016; Novell et al, 2014; Szucs & Gyurcsányi, 2012). Potentiometric paper‐based sensors (Määttänen, 2013), (Ding, He, Lisak, Qin, & Bobacka, 2017; Jin et al, 2018; Kawahara, Sahatiya, Badhulika, & Uno, 2018; Kofler, Nau, & List‐Kratochvil, 2015; Lisak, Cui, & Bobacka, 2015; Nery & Kubota, Apr., 2016; Parrilla, Cánovas, & Andrade, 2017; Ping et al, 2013; Sjöberg et al, 2016) utilize gradients of ion distributions that generate open‐circuit voltages (V oc ) that are measured to transduce analytes. Paper‐based pathogen and virus sensors are also easy to incinerate.…”