A functional dissociation of conflict processing within anterior cingulate cortex

Kim, Chobok; Kroger, James K.; Kim, Jeounghoon

doi:10.1002/hbm.21020

Cited by 67 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, Desmet, Fias, Hartstra, and Brass (2011) report dissociable medial prefrontal areas for conflicts arising on the task versus the response level, with task-related conflicts being located more posterior and superior than response conflicts. A similar dissociation was found in Stroop tasks by Kim, Kroger, and Kim (2011) for perceptual versus response conflicts and by van Veen and Carter (2005) for conceptual versus response conflicts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Controlling Conflict from Interfering Long-term Memory Representations

Jost

Khader²,

Düsel³

et al. 2012

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract■ Remembering is more than an activation of a memory trace.As retrieval cues are often not uniquely related to one specific memory, cognitive control should come into play to guide selective memory retrieval by focusing on relevant while ignoring irrelevant information. Here, we investigated, by means of EEG and fMRI, how the memory system deals with retrieval interference arising when retrieval cues are associated with two material types (faces and spatial positions), but only one is task-relevant. The topography of slow EEG potentials and the fMRI BOLD signal in posterior storage areas indicated that in such situations not only the relevant but also the irrelevant material becomes activated. This results in retrieval interference that triggers control processes mediated by the medial and lateral PFC, which are presumably involved in biasing target representations by boosting the task-relevant material. Moreover, memorybased conflict was found to be dissociable from response conflict that arises when the relevant and irrelevant materials imply different responses. The two types of conflict show different activations in the medial frontal cortex, supporting the claim of domain-specific prefrontal control systems. ■

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Controlling Conflict from Interfering Long-term Memory Representations

Jost

Khader²,

Düsel³

et al. 2012

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…In a study by van Veen and Carter (2005), (Stroop) stimulus conflict was associated with stronger activation in a caudal part of the dorsal ACC (BA 32/6), whereas response conflict was associated with stronger activation in the more rostral dorsal ACC (BA 32/24; for related findings, see Z. Chen, Lei, Ding, Li, & Chen, 2013;Kim, Kroger, & Kim, 2011). This functional dissociation is in line with accounts that have proposed a modular architecture of cognitive control, with separate modules for the resolution of stimulus and response conflicts (Egner, 2008;Egner, Delano, & Hirsch, 2007).…”

Section: Avoidance Of Conflicting Stimuli or Responses (Or Both)?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus conflict triggers behavioral avoidance

Dignath

Eder

2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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According to a recent extension of the conflictmonitoring theory, conflict between two competing response tendencies is registered as an aversive event and triggers a motivation to avoid the source of conflict. In the present study, we tested this assumption. Over five experiments, we examined whether conflict is associated with an avoidance motivation and whether stimulus conflict or response conflict triggers an avoidance tendency. Participants first performed a color Stroop task. In a subsequent motivation test, participants responded to Stroop stimuli with approach-and avoidancerelated lever movements. These results showed that Stroopconflict stimuli increased the frequency of avoidance responses in a free-choice motivation test, and also increased the speed of avoidance relative to approach responses in a forced-choice test. High and low proportions of response conflict in the Stroop task had no effect on avoidance in the motivation test. Avoidance of conflict was, however, obtained even with new conflict stimuli that had not been presented before in a Stroop task, and when the Stroop task was replaced with an unrelated filler task. Taken together, these results suggest that stimulus conflict is sufficient to trigger avoidance.

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“…Recent behavioral evidence indicates that conflict-control displays a modular, domain-specific organization (Wendt et al 2006;Egner et al 2007;Funes et al 2010), with separate conflict-control mechanisms being responsive to distinct domains and capable of running in parallel with each other (Egner 2008). On the other hand, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies manipulating either different conflict sources or components have produced ambivalent results, ranging from complete domain specificity (van Veen and Carter 2005;Liston et al 2006;Egner et al 2007) to a mix of domain-specific and domain-general activations (Milham et al 2001;Fan et al 2003;Liu et al 2004;Kim et al 2010Kim et al , 2011 to completely overlapping activations across conflict domains (Peterson et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Neural Pattern Classifiers to Quantify the Modularity of Conflict-Control Mechanisms in the Human Brain

Jiang

Egner

2013

Cerebral Cortex

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Resolving conflicting sensory and motor representations is a core function of cognitive control, but it remains uncertain to what degree control over different sources of conflict is implemented by shared (domain general) or distinct (domain specific) neural resources. Behavioral data suggest conflict-control to be domain specific, but results from neuroimaging studies have been ambivalent. Here, we employed multivoxel pattern analyses that can decode a brain region's informational content, allowing us to distinguish incidental activation overlap from actual shared information processing. We trained independent sets of "searchlight" classifiers on functional magnetic resonance imaging data to decode control processes associated with stimulus-conflict (Stroop task) and ideomotor-conflict (Simon task). Quantifying the proportion of domainspecific searchlights (capable of decoding only one type of conflict) and domain-general searchlights (capable of decoding both conflict types) in each subject, we found both domain-specific and domaingeneral searchlights, though the former were more common. When mapping anatomical loci of these searchlights across subjects, neural substrates of stimulus-and ideomotor-specific conflictcontrol were found to be anatomically consistent across subjects, whereas the substrates of domain-general conflict-control were not. Overall, these findings suggest a hybrid neural architecture of conflict-control that entails both modular (domain specific) and global (domain general) components.

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A functional dissociation of conflict processing within anterior cingulate cortex

Cited by 67 publications

References 34 publications

Controlling Conflict from Interfering Long-term Memory Representations

Controlling Conflict from Interfering Long-term Memory Representations

Stimulus conflict triggers behavioral avoidance

Using Neural Pattern Classifiers to Quantify the Modularity of Conflict-Control Mechanisms in the Human Brain

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