A further Investigation INTO INFLUENZO-PNEUMOCOCCAL AND INFLUENZO-STREPTOCOCCAL SEPTICÆMIA: EPIDEMIC INFLUENZAL "PNEUMONIA" OF HIGHLY FATAL TYPE AND ITS RELATION TO "PURULENT BRONCHITIS."

Fatal H7N9 pneumonia complicated by viral infection of a prosthetic cardiac valve – An autopsy study

“…Secondly, as well as diffuse alveolar damage there was evidence of widespread epithelial necrosis, resembling infarction. This was not reported in the fatal pandemic H1N1 cases from the USA but was present in 2 fatal cases in Brazil [10], and was also seen in the fatal 1918-9 influenza cases [11]. There has been one previous report of the paramortem findings of H7N9 infection [5], and it is of interest that in contrast to their finding of antigen positive cells in the lung we were only able to identify scanty (2 positive cells in 15 tissue blocks sampled) N protein positive cells.…”

Insights from unusual aspects of the 1918 influenza pandemic

“…The dark blue cyanosis seen in conscious influenza patients was so remarkably different from what had been seen before 1918 that the British Army Medical Corps brought in an artist from the Royal Academy to graphically capture the distinctive color which was described as "heliotrope cyanosis" after a deep blue flower [41] (Figs. 1e3).…”

The Threat of Avian Influenza H5N1: ‘Do We Have the Tools for the Job?’

“…The overcrowded camp was, and still is, on the flight path of influenza viruscarrying geese and ducks flying southwards on migration, and there is clear photographic evidence of soldiers plucking geese and turkeys. Perhaps with hindsight and our new knowledge of the avian reservoir, it is not so surprising that in the winter of 1916 a new respiratory disease began to emerge in the camp (Hammond et al, 1917;Abrahams et al, 1919). There were around 140 deaths and the case fatality was 50%, remarkably similar to comparable figures today of H5N1 in south-east Asia (Tran et al, 2004).…”