A Further Outbreak of Citrus Canker Near Darwin.

Broadbent, P.; Pitkethley, R. N.; Barnes, Debra A.; Bradley, J.; Dephoff, C.; Civerolo, Edwin L.; Gillings, Michael R.; Fahy, P. C.

doi:10.1071/app9950090

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In 1991 citrus canker was again detected in the Northern Territory on pummelo ( C. maxima ) trees in an orchard in Humpty Doo, 50 km south‐east of Darwin. The property and surrounding area were placed under quarantine and trees on the affected property were burned in situ (Broadbent et al , 1995). A further outbreak was detected in 1993 on another property 500 m from the first and was concluded to have originated from the previous outbreak (Broadbent et al , 1995).…”

Section: Eradication Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The property and surrounding area were placed under quarantine and trees on the affected property were burned in situ (Broadbent et al , 1995). A further outbreak was detected in 1993 on another property 500 m from the first and was concluded to have originated from the previous outbreak (Broadbent et al , 1995). All citrus on this and adjoining properties was destroyed, creating a 400 m buffer zone around the two infection sites.…”

Section: Eradication Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techniques for the treatment, removal and disposal of host material during programmes for plant pathogen eradication

et al. 2009

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Eradication of plant pathogen incursions is very important for the protection of plant industries, managed gardens and natural environments worldwide. The consequence of a pathogen becoming endemic can be serious, in some cases having an impact on the national economy. The current strategy for eradication of a pathogen relies on techniques for the treatment, removal and disposal of affected host plants. There are many examples where these techniques have been successful but many where they have not. Success relies on a sound understanding of the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen and its interaction with the host. Removal and disposal of infected plant material for eradication and containment of plant and soil inhabiting fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens are reviewed by considering black Sigatoka of banana, apple scab, maize smut, fireblight, citrus canker and sharka disease of stone-fruit crops. In examining examples of dealing with plant pathogens and diseased host material around the world, particularly Australasia, various techniques including burning, burying, pruning, composting, soil-and biofumigation, solarization, steam sterilization and biological vector control are discussed. Gaps in the literature are identified and emphasize the insufficient detail of information available from past eradications. More effort is required to produce and publish scientific evidence to support the success or otherwise of techniques and suggestions for future research are proposed.

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Section: Eradication Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eradication Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for the treatment, removal and disposal of host material during programmes for plant pathogen eradication

et al. 2009

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“…citri and its primary host genus ( Citrus ) originated from Asia [18] , [19] . The pathogen's geographical expansion beyond Asia was first reported in the first half of the 20 th century [20] – [25] . A pathotype classification of X. citri pv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A MLVA Genotyping Scheme for Global Surveillance of the Citrus Pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Suggests a Worldwide Geographical Expansion of a Single Genetic Lineage

Pruvost

Magne²,

Boyer³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

113

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MultiLocus Variable number of tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) has been extensively used to examine epidemiological and evolutionary issues on monomorphic human pathogenic bacteria, but not on bacterial plant pathogens of agricultural importance albeit such tools would improve our understanding of their epidemiology, as well as of the history of epidemics on a global scale. Xanthomonas citri pv. citri is a quarantine organism in several countries and a major threat for the citrus industry worldwide. We screened the genomes of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri strain IAPAR 306 and of phylogenetically related xanthomonads for tandem repeats. From these in silico data, an optimized MLVA scheme was developed to assess the global diversity of this monomorphic bacterium. Thirty-one minisatellite loci (MLVA-31) were selected to assess the genetic structure of 129 strains representative of the worldwide pathological and genetic diversity of X. citri pv. citri. Based on Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC), four pathotype-specific clusters were defined. DAPC cluster 1 comprised strains that were implicated in the major geographical expansion of X. citri pv. citri during the 20th century. A subset of 12 loci (MLVA-12) resolved 89% of the total diversity and matched the genetic structure revealed by MLVA-31. MLVA-12 is proposed for routine epidemiological identification of X. citri pv. citri, whereas MLVA-31 is proposed for phylogenetic and population genetics studies. MLVA-31 represents an opportunity for international X. citri pv. citri genotyping and data sharing. The MLVA-31 data generated in this study was deposited in the Xanthomonas citri genotyping database (http://www.biopred.net/MLVA/).

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“…For example, fire blight was successfully eradicated from Australia (Rodoni et al. , 2002) and Sweden (Gråberg, 1993), and citrus canker was eradicated from Thursday Island (Jones, 1991), Lambell’s Lagoon near Darwin (Broadbent et al. , 1995) and the Emerald district of Queensland (Gambley et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there have been reports where burning only reduced the incidence of, or contained, pathogens (Hardison, 1976;Pereira et al, 1996), there are numerous examples of successful eradication of plant pathogens by burning alone or where burning was a part of an integrated management programme. For example, fire blight was successfully eradicated from Australia (Rodoni et al, 2002) and Sweden (Grå berg, 1993), and citrus canker was eradicated from Thursday Island (Jones, 1991), Lambell's Lagoon near Darwin (Broadbent et al, 1995) and the Emerald district of Queensland (Gambley et al, 2009). Despite the apparent success of burning infected or exposed trees as an eradication strategy for bacterial pathogens, it is possible that pathogens may survive in ash or non-burned plant debris, particularly if material is partially embedded in soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of burning and high temperature on survival of Xanthomonas translucens pv. pistaciae in infected pistachio branches and twigs

et al. 2012

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This paper reports the efficacy of burning and heat-treating pistachio branches and twigs as a means of disposing of prunings from trees infected with Xanthomonas translucens pv. pistaciae (Xtp). Burning of pistachio wood, naturally infected with Xtp, was conducted twice under field conditions. Viable Xtp was detected in some non-burned wood, but not in charcoal, ash or partially burned wood. Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted with pure cultures of Xtp and naturally and artificially infected pistachio wood. In liquid culture, 65°C was lethal to Xtp, whereas survival at 60°C or less varied with culture medium and duration of exposure. Xtp survived in infected wood exposed to 40-55°C for at least 60 min but was killed by exposure to 60°C for 15 min or more. Overall, the results of burning and heat treatment were consistent, and confirmed that burning was a reliable eradication technique to dispose of infected wood, such as prunings, providing the pathogen was exposed to a temperature of 60°C or greater for at least 15 min.

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A Further Outbreak of Citrus Canker Near Darwin.

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Techniques for the treatment, removal and disposal of host material during programmes for plant pathogen eradication

Techniques for the treatment, removal and disposal of host material during programmes for plant pathogen eradication

A MLVA Genotyping Scheme for Global Surveillance of the Citrus Pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Suggests a Worldwide Geographical Expansion of a Single Genetic Lineage

Effect of burning and high temperature on survival of Xanthomonas translucens pv. pistaciae in infected pistachio branches and twigs

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