A Further Study of the Dichotomization Theory in Detection of Information

Ben‐Shakhar, Gershon

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1977.tb02974.x

Cited by 90 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…On the other hand, Model 2, which assumes independent habituation processes to the different stimuli of the complex sequence, describes better the data in a situation in which the psychological distance between the stimuli is relatively large. This result is in line with the concept of dichotomization suggested previously by the authors (Ben-Shakhar, 1977;Ben-Shakhar et al, 1975;Lieblich, Kugelmass, & Ben-Shakhar, 1970). It is logical to suggest that, in a complex sequence in which the different stimuli are for some reason indiscriminable, the sequence will be processed as a single category.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…It should be noted that, unlike previous investigators (Ben-Shakhar, 1977;Ben-Shakhar et al, 1975;Ben-Shakhar, Lieblich, & Kugelmass, 1982;Lieblich et al, 1970), we did not find that the stimulus probability factor had an influence on the relative validities of the two models. It should be emphasized, however, that, unlike the previous studies, which attached relevance to some of the stimuli, the present stimuli were all neutral.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Similarity of auditory stimuli and generalization of skin conductance response habituation

Ben‐Shakhar

Lieblich

1982

Psychobiology

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Two alternative models for orienting response habituation to complex sequences of stimuli were formulated. Model 1 assumed complete generalization of habituation, while Model 2 assumed independent habituation processes for the different stimuli making up the complex sequence. Two experiments were conducted in order to compare the models. Experiment 1 was conducted to obtain a simple habituation function to tones. Experiment 2 utilized complex sequences, each comprising two tones. The degree of similarity between these two tones was manipulated by systematically varying the frequency of one of these tones, using a betweensubjects design. The predictions of the two models were correlated with the SCRs of each subject. The results showed that the validities of the models depend on the similarity between the stimuli making up the complex sequence. For a sequence comprising very similar stimuli, Model 1 is a better description of the habituation process. Model 2, however, yields a closer fit to the habituation process to sequences comprising clearly discriminable stimuli.The nature of orienting response (OR) habituation to complex sequences of stimuli is of theoretical importance for the understanding of neuronal models. Several studies have tried to clarify the habituation pattern in such sequences (e.g., Furedy, 1968;Zimny, Pawlick, & Saur, 1969). Frith (1978a, 1978b) have raised the possibility that different laws may govern the habituation process in complex and simple sequences of stimuli. These authors have suggested that the neuronal model operates within a range of specific limits. It follows that if the stimuli making up the complex sequence vary within these limits, the habituation pattern should not differ from that of habituation to a simple sequence. Only when the stimuli set includes a stimulus that falls outside these limits should we expect habituation pattern to the complex sequence that is different from that of habituation to a simple sequence.Ben-Shakhar (1980) has also dealt with habituation processes to complex sequences, and has tried to formulate, by means of simple mathematical models, the relationship between habituation in complex and simple sequences. Two main models have been formulated: Modell, which assumes complete generalization of habituation, states that the response in a given trial of a complex sequence is a function of all the previous stimuli in that sequence. In more formal terms, Modell states: g(i/j) =f(i + j), where f denotesThe present study was supported by a grant from the Eshkol Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. We wish to thank Ms. Judy Lustig and Ms. Aya Poznanski for their assistance.the habituation function in a simple sequence, g denotes the habituation function in a complex sequence of stimuli, i and j denote the trial numbers of two stimuli, and g(ilj) denotes the response to a stimulus in its [th presentation, given that the other stimuli have appeared j times before it. Model 2 assumes that the response to a given stim...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Similarity of auditory stimuli and generalization of skin conductance response habituation

Ben‐Shakhar

Lieblich

1982

Psychobiology

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“…This method has been frequently employed in CIT studies (Ben-Shakhar, 1977;Elaad, 2010;Ben-Shakhar, 1989, 1997;Verschuere et al, 2007;Vossel et al, 2003), and was recommended by the National Research Council (2003) as highly relevant for descriptions of the diagnostic value of polygraph tests. For a detailed description see (Zvi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Roc Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of perceived efficacy and prospect of success on detection in the Guilty Actions Test

Zvi¹,

Nachson²,

Elaad³

2015

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…This method has been used frequently in CIT studies (e.g., Ben-Shakhar 1977;Ben-Shakhar 1989, 1997;Vossel et al 2003), and was recommended by the National Research Council Report (2003) as a particularly appropriate method for describing the diagnostic value of polygraph tests. In signal detection theory terms, detection efficiency is defined by the degree of separation between the distributions of the responses to the correct items produced by ''guilty'' and ''innocent'' participants.…”

Section: Roc Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Incomplete Information on the Detection of Concealed Crime Details

Elaad

2011

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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The accuracy of the Concealed Information Test in correct classification of informed guilty and informed innocent participants was assessed when the explicitness of the obtained information varied. For these purposes, a mock crime procedure was employed and participants were randomly assigned to six conditions formed by combinations of two levels of the state of guilt (guilty and innocent) and three levels of information completeness (exact, indicative, non-specific). As expected, informed guilty participants were more accurately detected than informed innocents. It was further found that when the gathered information was less explicit, detection efficiency decreased. Theoretical and practical implications of the present results are discussed.

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A Further Study of the Dichotomization Theory in Detection of Information

Cited by 90 publications

References 15 publications

Similarity of auditory stimuli and generalization of skin conductance response habituation

Similarity of auditory stimuli and generalization of skin conductance response habituation

Effects of perceived efficacy and prospect of success on detection in the Guilty Actions Test

Effects of Incomplete Information on the Detection of Concealed Crime Details

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