“…The heterogeneous integration of various forms of inorganic materials (which encompasses growing numbers of material types) into one electronic system is based on group III-nitride compound semiconductors [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . Examples include the following: on-chip frequency upconversion [29] , nanomechanical optical detection [30,31] , solid-state neutron detection [32][33][34] , piezoelectric resonators and electrical and harmonic generators [35][36][37][38][39][40] , strain-gated transistors (SGTs) [41] , multiple-valued logic (MVL) circuits [42] , single-photon emission [43][44][45] , water splitting [46][47][48][49][50][51] , solar-blind photodetection [52] , pressure [53] , gas [54] , pH [55] , sensors, white light generation from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [56][57][58] and from laser diodes (LDs) [59] , metal-oxidesemiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) [60]…”