A Gantzer muscle arising from the brachialis and flexor digitorum superficialis: embryological considerations and implications for median nerve entrapment

Zdilla, Matthew J.; Pacurari, Paula; Celuck, Tyler J.; Andrews, Reed C.; Lambert, H. Wayne

doi:10.1007/s12565-018-0466-6

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The clinical symptoms are characteristic of weakness during pinching movements between thumb and index finger while retrieving small objects gives suspicion of anterior interosseous syndrome due to the presence of Gantzer's muscle. Hence the surgeons should knowthe incidence and nerve supply of Gantzer's Muscle for the positive outcome [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Anatomical and Morphological Study on Accessory Head of Flexor Pollicis Longus (Gantzer’s Muscles) and Its Clinical Emphasis

M¹,

S.N²,

Sangeeta³

et al. 2020

IJAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aims to reveal the incidence of origin, insertion, and nerve supply of Gantzer's muscle and to provide necessary information to surgeons in concern to compartment syndrome.Material and Methods: 50 embalmed disarticulated upper limbs (23 right & 27 left sides) were dissected and analyzed to find the incidence of Gantzer's muscle along with their sources of origin, the sites of insertion and nerve supply were observed and documented.Results:The incidence of an accessory head of flexor pollicis longus (Gantzer's muscle) was 24 % (12 out of 50 upper limbs). All the incidences of Gantzer's muscles were unilateral, among which, in 5, it was seen on the right side and in 7 on the left side and bilateral occurrence was not found. All the Gantzer's muscles originated from two different sources, one from the medial epicondyle and other from the coronoid process of ulna and the majority of the cases were inserted to the middle third of the tendon of FPL. In the present study, Gantzer's muscle was innerved by the anterior interosseous nerve in all specimens except in one, which was supplied by the median nerve. Conclusions:The knowledge of which, has to be borne in minds of the operating surgeons for anterior interosseous nerve syndrome and median nerve compression for an effective outcome.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Anatomical and Morphological Study on Accessory Head of Flexor Pollicis Longus (Gantzer’s Muscles) and Its Clinical Emphasis

M¹,

S.N²,

Sangeeta³

et al. 2020

IJAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It takes origin from at the medial epicondyle of humerus (ME) (common flexor origin) or coronoid process of the ulna or fascial sheath of FDS or pronator teres. It inserts onto the deep flexors, i.e., flexor pollicis longus (FPL) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) [1]. This muscle was first reported by Albinus in the 18th century and described by Gantzer [2], a German anatomist, in 1813.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It inserts onto the deep flexors, i.e. , flexor pollicis longus (FPL) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) [ 1 ]. This muscle was first reported by Albinus in the 18th century and described by Gantzer [ 2 ], a German anatomist, in 1813.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the Gantzer’s muscle can contribute to the FDP muscle through a second tendon. The presence of ahFPL and ahFDP could be explained by the embryological events of the common flexor muscle mass, which splits into two strata: deep and superficial during differentiation [ 1 ]. The FPL, FDP, and pronator quadratus muscles are all derived from the deep layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The prevalence and distribution of the variants of Gantzer’s muscle: a meta-analysis of cadaveric studies

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Gantzer’s muscle is often present in the flexor compartment of the forearm. It lies underneath flexor digitorum superficialis and compresses the anterior interosseous nerve. Furthermore, this muscle frequently bestows an accessory muscle of flexor pollicis longus or flexor digitorum profundus, or sometimes together. The current meta-analysis aims to compute the prevalence of subtypes of Gantzer’s muscle. Major electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc.) were searched for title and abstract. After removing the duplicate citations, the titles/abstracts were shortlisted with the help of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The shortlisted titles/abstracts were downloaded or collected from the library. The data of all subtypes of Gantzer’s muscle were pooled from shortlisted published manuscripts for meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of other anatomical characteristics was also observed. A total of 59 cadaveric studies of sample size 5,903 were evaluated for pooled prevalence of flexor pollicis longus (accessory head). Similarly, the authors evaluated 14 studies of 1,627 upper limbs for flexor digitorum profundus (accessory head). The unit of analysis was per 100 upper limbs. The Pooled prevalence of accessory muscle of flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus were 48% (95% CI, 44%–52%) and 17% (95% CI, 13%–21%), respectively. The Gantzer’s muscle is present in 2/3rd of the upper limbs. Accessory head of flexor pollicis longus is almost three times more common than the accessory head of flexor digitorum profundus. A classification of Gantzer’s muscle is needed to reduce the ignorance of these variants.

show abstract

“…Therefore a study on the relation of the Gantzer's muscle to the AIN is paramount. Secondly, the location of the muscle as well as its spatial relation to the anterior interosseous nerve is of great importance when performing forearm dissections, ultrasound-guided nerve blocks, and imaging to avoid their inadvertent injury (Zdilla et al, 2019). As concerns the origin of the muscle, studies have reported that it may arise from the Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), the radius, the medial humeral epicondyle or the ulna coronoid process (Potu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The incidence and morphology of the Gantzer’s muscle in a Kenyan population

Munguti¹,

Nyaanga²,

Neema³

et al. 2022

Anat. J. Afr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gantzer’s muscle is an accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL). Its incidence, attachments as well as relations to nervous structures have been shown to exhibit population variations, which have important clinical bearings. Data from our setting however remains partly elucidated. To study the muscle, the skin of the anterior forearm and fascia were removed to expose the flexor compartment of the forearm. The flexor muscles were also identified and reflected. The Ganzter’s muscle was identified as that muscle belly originating from the flexor digitorum superficialis, the radius, the medial humeral epicondyle or the ulna coronoid process and inserted on the flexor pollicis longus or the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. Its prevalence, laterality, origin, insertion, shape and relation to the anterior interosseous nerve were determined. The data obtained was entered into SPSS and percentages calculated for the different variables. The muscle was found in 19/43 (44%) cadavers on the right and on 20/43 (46%) on the left. In 5 out the 43 cadavers (11%), the muscle was present bilaterally while in the rest, it existed solely as either on the right orleft (predominantly on the left, 46%). The Gantzer’s muscle was also noted to predominantly originate from the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis muscle (72% on the left, 76% on the right) and insert on the Flexor pollicis longus (100%). As regards its shape, it was predominantly triangular, on both right side (65%) as well as the left side (54%). In majority of the cases, the muscle also lay posterior to the anterior interosseous structures (100% on the left and 89% on the right). In conclusion, the Gantzer’s muscle is relatively common in our population, exhibits marked population variations and as such should be taken into account especially during surgical approach to the anterior elbow to avoid its inadvertent injury.

show abstract

A Gantzer muscle arising from the brachialis and flexor digitorum superficialis: embryological considerations and implications for median nerve entrapment

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

An Anatomical and Morphological Study on Accessory Head of Flexor Pollicis Longus (Gantzer’s Muscles) and Its Clinical Emphasis

An Anatomical and Morphological Study on Accessory Head of Flexor Pollicis Longus (Gantzer’s Muscles) and Its Clinical Emphasis

The prevalence and distribution of the variants of Gantzer’s muscle: a meta-analysis of cadaveric studies

The incidence and morphology of the Gantzer’s muscle in a Kenyan population

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About