A gas management strategy for anode recirculation in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Lee, Heng-Yi; Su, Hsiao-Chun; Chen, Yong-Song

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.026

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In comparison with the processes at two operation voltages, the average output current densities of three modes obviously vary at 0.65 V, especially at 250 s, with similar trends to the other low-current operations in Fig.4(b). However, at 0.3 V, the cell performance of the DEA mode starts to decrease when the performances of the other modes continuously increase at 75 s, which is caused by the nitrogen crossover and accumulation in the anode[33,34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional simulation of cold start processes for proton exchange membrane fuel cell with different hydrogen flow arrangements

Xie

Wang

et al. 2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells with an off-gas recirculation anode (ORA) or dead-ended anode (DEA) are widely adopted in engineering. However, those two hydrogen flow arrangements may cause anodic water and nitrogen accumulation in comparison with the flow-through anode (FTA) mode, which causes significant performance degradation. In this paper, a two-dimensional cold-start model is developed with detailed consideration of water phase changes and the nitrogen crossover phenomenon. A simplified electrochemical module is built to calculate the current density distribution in the model. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental data at both subzero temperatures and normal operating temperatures. The effects of hydrogen flow arrangements, flow

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confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional simulation of cold start processes for proton exchange membrane fuel cell with different hydrogen flow arrangements

Xie

Wang

et al. 2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Indeed, in addition to the gas homogenization, this configuration also offers a possibility of gas conditioning before entering the stack that participate to water management. The water vapor transported through the membrane from the cathode to the anode is recirculated so as to hydrate the membrane by the anode [9,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. Cell behavior in recirculation mode is often more stable than in DEA and better performance are reached [41,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water vapor transported through the membrane from the cathode to the anode is recirculated so as to hydrate the membrane by the anode [9,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. Cell behavior in recirculation mode is often more stable than in DEA and better performance are reached [41,42]. However, this architecture becomes complex in terms of development and control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified anode architecture for PEMFC systems based on alternative fuel feeding: Experimental characterization and optimization for automotive applications

Rodosik

Poirot-Crouvezier

Bultel

2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…It is defined as the ratio of hydrogen reacted in the cells over that supplied to the stack . In order to maximise the hydrogen utilisation, it is usually recirculated or the stack is operated in dead‐ended anode (DEA) mode …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 In order to maximise the hydrogen utilisation, it is usually recirculated or the stack is operated in dead-ended anode (DEA) mode. [15][16][17][18][19] When a PEMFC is operated in DEA mode or hydrogen is recirculated, impurities such as water and nitrogen gradually accumulate in the anode side over time. This interrupts the access of hydrogen to the reaction site (ie, catalyst layer) and contributes to the mass transport losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEMFC purging at low operating temperatures: An experimental approach

et al. 2019

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SUMMARY In this paper, the effect of operating temperature on optimal purge interval for maximum energy efficiency in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with dead‐ended anode (DEA) was experimentally investigated. The study was conducted with a focus on challenges associated with operation at temperatures lower than the recommended designed temperature. With DEA, gradual voltage drop happens due to the accumulation of water and impurities such as nitrogen. Hence, periodic purging of the anode side is required to remove excess water and impurities that are accumulated at the anode side over time. Short purge intervals increase hydrogen loss that translates into low fuel utilisation, whereas long purge intervals result in voltage drop due to high water and impurity accumulations. Therefore, an optimal purge strategy should be implemented to maximise the stack energy efficiency. Depending on the operating conditions and loads, there are instances that a fuel cell stack operates at temperatures lower than its recommended designed temperature. Considering the temperature effect on the cell water management, operating temperature is an important factor to consider for optimising the purge strategy in PEMFCs. At lower operating temperatures (ie, below 50°C), more water is formed in liquid form, which makes the optimisation of purge strategy more challenging. For a stack temperature of 40°C, it was observed that with an increase in stack current from 0.25 to 0.45 A cm−2, the optimal purge interval decreases from 90 seconds to around 45 seconds, respectively. Increasing the stack temperature from 40°C to 50°C resulted in an increase in the optimal purge interval to 120 seconds and 90 seconds for stack currents of 0.25 (ie, low current density) and 0.45 A cm−2, respectively. At lower operating temperatures, more frequent purging schedules are needed accordingly to remove the liquid water from the cell. These results indicated that at lower operating temperatures, water accumulation at the anode side becomes more dominant compared with higher operating temperatures.

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A gas management strategy for anode recirculation in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

Two-dimensional simulation of cold start processes for proton exchange membrane fuel cell with different hydrogen flow arrangements

Two-dimensional simulation of cold start processes for proton exchange membrane fuel cell with different hydrogen flow arrangements

Simplified anode architecture for PEMFC systems based on alternative fuel feeding: Experimental characterization and optimization for automotive applications

PEMFC purging at low operating temperatures: An experimental approach

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