“…The metals include Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu and many rare-earth elements. [7][8][9][10] The structures and relative energies of these complexes are only partially known from preliminary reports on density functional calculations of calcium-, scandium-, vanadium-, and copper-containing polysulfur cations. [9,10] These calculations (of which no details have been released yet) show that Ca + forms complexes with the S 3 ligand in a planar geometry and with the crownshaped cyclo-S 8 + was predicted to be most stable as a 12-membered sulfur ring with the metal ion at the center.…”