A GC–MS method for the detection and quantitation of ten major drugs of abuse in human hair samples

Orfanidis, Amvrosios; Mastrogianni, Orthodoxia; Koukou, A.; Psarros, G.; Gika, Helen; Theodoridis, Georgios; Raikos, Νikolaos

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.011

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The literature reports the application of several analytical techniques, such as spectroscopic and chromatographic, for many purposes using human hair as sample. However, these techniques require laborious procedures for sample preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and chemometric investigation of human hair after cosmetic treatment

Santos¹,

Sperança

Pereira³

2018

X-Ray Spectrometry

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Variations in the chemical composition of 63 different human and 6 different synthetic hair samples were investigated using wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectra profiles. To evaluate the effect of cosmetic treatment on the strands, the human hair samples were bleached, but the synthetic ones were not. To better investigate the data, exploratory analyses were calculated using principal component analysis for the WDXRF spectra. Eight normalizations/standardizations were applied in the WDXRF to verify the clustering tendency. Bleaching was tested, because it is one way in which people mask their real hair color. After the data were standardized, an enhancement of the data discrimination was verified. Furthermore, the explained variance was higher in the first principal components. The WDXRF spectra were able to distinguish samples with distinct features, including synthetic, dyed, and straightened hair. The findings of this study hold promise for forensics due to desirable aspects such as nondestructivity and the possibility of a large hair sample database.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and chemometric investigation of human hair after cosmetic treatment

Santos¹,

Sperança

Pereira³

2018

X-Ray Spectrometry

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show abstract

“…Analysis using GC-MS involves some complex sample extraction and derivatization steps; still, it is an important technique for qualitative analysis of drugs in forensic science. BSTFA is one of the derivatizing agents used for drug analysis (Orfanidis et al 2017).…”

Section: Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic toxicological analysis of hair: a review

Usman¹,

Naseer²,

Baig³

et al. 2019

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Analysis of hair provides useful information regarding drug addiction history or drug toxicity. Keeping in view some important applications of hair analysis, a lot of work done in the past few decades has been reviewed in this article. When compared with other biological samples, hair provides a larger window for drug detection. Drugs get deposited in hair through blood circulation by various mechanisms, after its administration. The deposited drug is much stable and can be detected after a longer period of time as compared with other biological samples, e.g., saliva, blood, and urine. Moreover, segmental analysis can depict multiple or single drug administration by using sensitive analytical techniques. Complex methods for drug extraction and the high cost of analysis are some drawbacks of hair analysis. LC-MS and GC-MS are the prominent among other techniques of choice due to high sensitivity. In this review, detailed knowledge about the drug deposition, extraction, analysis, and application of results in forensic and clinical cases have been discussed.

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“…Heroin, considered one of the most serious drugs abused worldwide, has led to numerous deaths-approximately 15,482 in 2017 [1]. In forensic science, several analytical methods, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [2,3], GC-tandem MS (GC-MS/MS) [4,5], and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [6,7], have been adapted for the identification of heroin, other opiates, and their metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Opiate, Opiate Metabolites and Antihistamines in Urine after Consumption of Cold Syrups by LC-MS/MS

et al. 2020

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Studying the origin of opiate and/or opiate metabolites in individual urine specimens after consumption of cold syrups is vital for patients, doctors, and law enforcement. A rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method using “dilute-and-shoot” analysis without the need for extraction, hydrolysis and/or derivatization has been developed and validated. The approach provides linear ranges of 2.5–1000 ng mL−1 for 6-acetylmorphine, codeine, chlorpheniramine, and carbinoxamine, 2.5–800 ng mL−1 for morphine and morphine-3-β-d-glucuronide, and 2.5–600 ng mL−1 for morphine-6-β-d-glucuronide and codeine-6-β-d-glucuronide, with excellent correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.995) and matrix effects (< 5%). Urine samples collected from the ten participants orally administered cold syrups were analyzed. The results concluded that participants consuming codeine-containing cold syrups did not routinely pass urine tests for opiates, and their morphine–codeine concentration ratios (M/C) were not always < 1. In addition, the distribution map of the clinical total concentration of the sum of morphine and codeine against the antihistamines (chlorpheniramine or carbinoxamine) were plotted for discrimination of people who used cold syrups. The 15 real cases have been studied by using M/C rule, cutoff value, and distribution map, further revealing a potential approach to determine opiate metabolite in urine originating from cold syrups.

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A GC–MS method for the detection and quantitation of ten major drugs of abuse in human hair samples

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

Wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and chemometric investigation of human hair after cosmetic treatment

Wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and chemometric investigation of human hair after cosmetic treatment

Forensic toxicological analysis of hair: a review

A Study of Opiate, Opiate Metabolites and Antihistamines in Urine after Consumption of Cold Syrups by LC-MS/MS

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