A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial

Hunt, Kate; Wyke, Sally; Gray, Cindy M.; Anderson, Annie S.; Brady, Adrian; Bunn, Christopher; Donnan, Peter T.; Fenwick, Elisabeth; Grieve, Eleanor; Leishman, Jim; Miller, Euan; Mutrie, Nanette; Rauchhaus, Petra; White, Alan; Treweek, Shaun

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62420-4

Cited by 330 publications

(583 citation statements)

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“…Two recent trials [10,60] of men-only interventions achieved effective long-term weight loss results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that the style of delivery could be as important as the content of the intervention for men and women, with men preferring simple, fact-based language with individual feedback [10,58,59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus perceptions about the content of weight loss interventions may influence attendance, as has been demonstrated by the success of the Football Fans In Training (FFIT) weight loss trial [10], where the content of the trial was designed to attract men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Should weight loss and maintenance programmes be designed differently for men? A systematic review of long-term randomised controlled trials presenting data for men and women: The ROMEO project

Robertson

Avenell

Boachie

et al. 2016

Obesity Research & Clinical Practice

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KeywordsWeight loss, weight maintenance, men and women, systematic review 3 AcknowledgementsThis review is one of a series of systematic reviews for the ROMEO project (Review Of MEn and Conflict of interestThe authors have no conflict of interests to declare. Contribution of authorsCR drafted the manuscript under the supervision of AA. FS developed and ran the electronic literature search. CR and AA conducted the eligibility screening, data extraction and quality assessment. All authors contributed to the study design and manuscript preparation. 5 AbstractWe systematically reviewed the randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence for long-term (>12 months) weight management interventions for obese men in contrast to women to help understand whether programmes should be designed differently for men.We searched 11 databases up to October 2014. Twenty-two RCTs reported data separately for men and women in weight loss or weight maintenance interventions.We found men were under-represented in RCTs of weight loss interventions open to both sexes. Men comprised 36% of participants (4771 from 13,305 participants). Despite this, men were 11% (95% CI 8% to 14%, p<0.001) more likely to be trial completers compared to women. The trials did not report service user consultation and none were designed to investigate whether men and women responded differently to given interventions. Our meta-analysis of 13 trials showed no significant difference in weight loss between men and women, either for weight loss in kg ( p=0.90) or percentage weight loss (p=0.78), although men tended to lose more weight with intensive low fat reducing diets, with or without meal replacements, and structured physical activity/exercise programmes than women.Orlistat was less beneficial for men for weight maintenance. Individual support and tailoring appeared more helpful for men than women.We found evidence that men and women respond differently to, and have different preferences for, varying types of weight management programme. We suggest that it is important to understand men's views on weight loss, as this is likely to also improve the uptake and effectiveness of programmes for men.

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“…Two recent trials [10,60] of men-only interventions achieved effective long-term weight loss results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Should weight loss and maintenance programmes be designed differently for men? A systematic review of long-term randomised controlled trials presenting data for men and women: The ROMEO project

Robertson

Avenell

Boachie

et al. 2016

Obesity Research & Clinical Practice

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“…However, the potential of professional sporting organisations to attract men to health promotion activities is now widely recognised. [36][37][38][39][40][41] A National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme-funded randomised controlled trial (RCT) (09/3010/06) 42 provided evidence of the success of professional football clubs in engaging men in a weight loss and healthy living programme [Football Fans in Training (FFIT)] and supporting them to lose weight [42][43][44] and to make other positive changes to their health and behaviours up to 12 months after baseline measurement. The present study reports on the follow-up study (to 3.5 years post baseline measurement) of participants in the RCT of the FFIT programme at 13 of the top professional football clubs in Scotland (ISRCTN32677491).…”

Section: Men and Weight Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term weight loss following a randomised controlled trial of a weight management programme for men delivered through professional football clubs: the Football Fans in Training follow-up study

et al. 2018

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Background Rising levels of obesity require interventions that support people in long-term weight loss. The Football Fans in Training (FFIT) programme uses loyalty to football teams to engage men in weight loss. In 2011/12, a randomised controlled trial (RCT) found that the FFIT programme was effective in helping men lose weight up to 12 months. Objectives To investigate the long-term weight, and other physical, behavioural and psychological outcomes up to 3.5 years after the start of the RCT; the predictors, mediators and men’s qualitative experiences of long-term weight loss; cost-effectiveness; and the potential for long-term follow-up via men’s medical records. Design A mixed-methods, longitudinal cohort study. Setting Thirteen professional Scottish football clubs from the RCT and 16 additional Scottish football clubs that delivered the FFIT programme in 2015/16. Participants A total of 665 men who were aged 35–65 years at the RCT baseline measures and who consented to follow-up after the RCT (intervention group, n = 316; comparison group, n = 349), and 511 men who took part in the 2015/16 deliveries of the FFIT programme. Interventions None as part of this study. Main outcome measures Objectively measured weight change from the RCT baseline to 3.5 years. Results In total, 488 out of 665 men (73.4%) attended 3.5-year measurements. Participants in the FFIT follow-up intervention group sustained a mean weight loss from baseline of 2.90 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78 to 4.02 kg; p < 0.001], and 32.2% (75/233) weighed ≥ 5% less than at baseline. Participants in the FFIT follow-up comparison group (who participated in routine deliveries of the FFIT programme after the RCT) lost a mean of 2.71 kg (95% CI 1.65 to 3.77 kg; p < 0.001), and 31.8% (81/255) achieved ≥ 5% weight loss. Both groups showed long-term improvements in body mass index, waist circumference, percentage body fat, blood pressure, self-reported physical activity (PA) (including walking), the consumption of fatty and sugary foods, fruit and vegetables and alcohol, portion sizes, self-esteem, positive and negative affect, and physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Mediators included self-reported PA (including walking) and sitting time, the consumption of fatty and sugary foods and fruit and vegetables, portion sizes, self-esteem, positive affect, physical HRQoL, self-monitoring of weight, autonomous regulation, internal locus of control, perceived competence, and relatedness to other FFIT programme participants and family members. In qualitative interviews, men described continuing to self-monitor weight and PA. Many felt that PA was important for weight control, and walking remained popular; most were still aware of portion sizes and tried to eat fewer snacks. The FFIT programme was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness of £10,700–15,300 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained at 3.5 years, and around £2000 per QALY gained in the lifetime analysis. Medical record linkage provided rich information about the clinical health outcomes of the FFIT RCT participants, and 90% of men (459/511) who took part in the 2015/16 FFIT programme gave permission for future linkage. Conclusions Participation in the FFIT programme under both research (during the FFIT RCT) and routine (after the FFIT RCT) delivery conditions led to significant long-term weight loss. Further research should investigate (1) how to design programmes to improve long-term weight loss maintenance, (2) longer-term follow-up of FFIT RCT participants and (3) very long-term follow-up via medical record linkage. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN32677491. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 6, No. 9. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The Scottish Executive Health Department Chief Scientist Office (CSO) funded the feasibility pilot that preceded the FFIT RCT (CZG/2/504). The Medical Research Council (MRC) funded Kate Hunt and additional developmental research through the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit Gender and Health programme (5TK50/25605200-68094).

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“…Current understanding about football shows that this intervention option can offer some valuable health improvement programme success (Bangsbo et al, 2014). From engaging "hard-to-reach" groups , delivering weight reduction (Hunt et al, 2014;Rutherford et al, 2014), delivering social inclusion , supporting social capital Ottesen, Jeppesen, & Krustrup, 2010) and other positive physiological changes across various groups (Bangsbo et al, 2014). The emerging social welfare remit attached to football, its reach and its associations with social inclusion and behaviour change, has resulted in its delivery to tackle issues such as ASB in children and young people (Kickz, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Football as a Vehicle for Enhancing Social Inclusion: Using an Intervention Mapping Framework

Parnell

Pringle

Widdop

et al. 2015

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This article outlines a partnership between an academic institute and a third sector organisation attached to a professional football club in the United Kingdom. The partnership concerns a sport for development intervention. The purpose of the article is to outline the development of applied monitoring and evaluation and the application of intervention mapping for an intervention to tackle anti-social behaviour through a football-based social inclusion project for children and young people. This case supports the development of third sector-university partnerships and the use of intervention mapping to meet shared objectives in relation to articulating the impact of interventions to funders and for research outputs.

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A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial

Abstract: Scottish Government and The UK Football Pools funded delivery of the programme through a grant to the Scottish Premier League Trust. The National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research Programme funded the assessment (09/3010/06).

Cited by 330 publications

References 28 publications

Should weight loss and maintenance programmes be designed differently for men? A systematic review of long-term randomised controlled trials presenting data for men and women: The ROMEO project

Should weight loss and maintenance programmes be designed differently for men? A systematic review of long-term randomised controlled trials presenting data for men and women: The ROMEO project

Long-term weight loss following a randomised controlled trial of a weight management programme for men delivered through professional football clubs: the Football Fans in Training follow-up study

Understanding Football as a Vehicle for Enhancing Social Inclusion: Using an Intervention Mapping Framework

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