A General 3D Nonstationary Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Model Allowing 3D Arbitrary Trajectory and 3D-Shaped Antenna Array

Abstract

Most of the existing channel model for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications only considered that the terminals were equipped with linear antenna arrays and moved with fixed velocities. Nevertheless, under the realistic environment, those models are not practical since the velocities and trajectories of mobile transmitter (MT) and mobile receiver (MR) could be time-variant and unpredictable due to the complex traffic conditions. This paper develops a general 3D nonstationary V2V channel model, which is based on the traditional geometry-based stochastic models (GBSMs) and the twin-cluster approach. In contrast to the traditional models, this new model is characterized by 3D scattering environments, 3D antenna arrays, and 3D arbitrary trajectories of both terminals and scatterers. The calculating methods of channel parameters are also provided. In addition, the statistical properties, i.e., spatial-temporal correlation function (STCF) and Doppler power spectrum density (DPSD), are derived in detail. Simulation results have demonstrated that the output statistical properties of the proposed model agree well with the theoretical and measured results, which verifies the effectiveness of theoretical derivations and channel model as well.

A Novel GBSM for Non-Stationary V2V Channels Allowing 3D Velocity Variations

“…A small number of preceding works already proposed that under various scenarios, the AoA and AoD may follow the Gaussian uniform distribution. Nevertheless, the measured and analyzed outcomes in [28,32] showed that the VMF distribution is responsive and can describe such angle allocations. Therefore, in this paper, it was presumed that the AoA and AoD carry out the following distribution as:…”

“…In (32), the form of the distribution remains fixed, and the relative angle offset is nearly fixed at a very short time interval when κ i is constant or nearly constant over a short time interval, for a few milliseconds. Here, (32) can be described as:…”

“…A small number of preceding works already proposed that under various scenarios, the AoA and AoD may follow the Gaussian uniform distribution. Nevertheless, the measured and analyzed outcomes in [ 28 , 32 ] showed that the VMF distribution is responsive and can describe such angle allocations. Therefore, in this paper, it was presumed that the AoA and AoD carry out the following distribution as: where represents the element correlated with the distribution concentration, denotes the zeroth-order modified Bessel function of the first kind, and , represent the marginal value of the AoAs and AoDs, respectively.…”

“…By taking notice of the fact that the majority of the mentioned models took only the fixed velocity of the vehicle into account, in realistic traffic environments, the velocity could be time-variant, whereas the time-variant velocities were taken into account in [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], where the trajectories were 2D and also 1D for simplicity. Very recently, a non-stationary GBSM among the terminal and vehicle with 3D arbitrary trajectories and 3D antenna arrays with the consideration of fixed velocity was presented in [ 32 ].…”

“…The concept of this paper was obtained from [ 31 , 32 ] to model the V2V channels allowing 3D trajectories, but the proposed model only supported 3D constant velocity. The goal of this paper was to address this void.…”