2019
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02985
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A General Method for High-Pressure-Promoted Postfunctionalization of Unclosed Cryptands: Potential Phase-Transfer Catalysts

Abstract: We report a high-pressure approach to facile late-stage functionalization of unclosed cryptands (UCs) (11 examples, yield up to 99%). Direct comparison of classic and high-pressure conditions of the quaternization reaction in a sterically crowded intraannular position is investigated, and differences in the reactivity of tertiary amine substrates are discussed. Finally, we demonstrated the application of UCs as catalysts for synthetically important alkylation reactions under phase-transfer conditions.

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Cited by 6 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…The lariat arm, apart from bringing extra hydrogen bond functionality, introduces a steric hindrance to the binding cavity and further pre-organizes the macrocyclic framework [41][42][43][44]. To date, this robust macrocyclic platform has been utilized for the construction of potent and selective anion receptors [41,[45][46][47][48][49], phase transfer catalysts (PTC) [50,51], and closely packed molecular hosts for solid-state stabilization of transient supramolecular assemblies such as water clusters [52][53][54] and S• • • S chalcogen bonds [55]. Recently, we have developed practical and productive methods for the synthesis of these systems, using templated-macrocyclization protocols [48,55,56] and post-macrocyclization incorporation of lariat arms under mild conditions [43,46,47,56,57].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The lariat arm, apart from bringing extra hydrogen bond functionality, introduces a steric hindrance to the binding cavity and further pre-organizes the macrocyclic framework [41][42][43][44]. To date, this robust macrocyclic platform has been utilized for the construction of potent and selective anion receptors [41,[45][46][47][48][49], phase transfer catalysts (PTC) [50,51], and closely packed molecular hosts for solid-state stabilization of transient supramolecular assemblies such as water clusters [52][53][54] and S• • • S chalcogen bonds [55]. Recently, we have developed practical and productive methods for the synthesis of these systems, using templated-macrocyclization protocols [48,55,56] and post-macrocyclization incorporation of lariat arms under mild conditions [43,46,47,56,57].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unclosed cryptands (UCs) [22][23][24][25][26][27] belong to the class of fairly new macrocyclic receptors, structurally related to well-established cryptands [28][29][30][31][32]. They are, however, much more flexible than their rigid analogs, as they are built from the macroring of various sizes to which is connected a labile intrannular substituent-lariat arm.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Searching for efficient pathways to obtain macrocyclic compounds, which can find applications in supramolecular chemistry as molecular receptors, , sensors, and catalysts, is one of the main topics of our long-term research. We previously developed two synthetic procedures addressing this problem: macrocyclization under high-pressure conditions via double quaternization of diamines by α,ω-diiodide compounds and via double amidation of dimethyl esters by α,ω-diamines…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%