A Generalized Crystallization Protocol for Scalable Deposition of High‐Quality Perovskite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

Abstract

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have raised considerable scientific interest due to their high cost‐efficiency potential for photovoltaic solar energy conversion. As PSCs already are meeting the efficiency requirements for renewable power generation, more attention is given to further technological barriers as environmental stability and reliability. However, the most major obstacle limiting commercialization of PSCs is the lack of a reliable and scalable process for thin film production. Here, a generic crystallization strategy that allows the controlled growth of highly qualitative perovskite films via a one‐step blade coating is reported. Through rational ink formulation in combination with a facile vacuum‐assisted precrystallization strategy, it is possible to produce dense and uniform perovskite films with high crystallinity on large areas. The universal application of the method is demonstrated at the hand of three typical perovskite compositions with different band gaps. P‐i‐n perovskite solar cells show fill factors up to 80%, underpinning the statement of the importance of controlling crystallization dynamics. The methodology provides important progress toward the realization of cost‐effective large‐area perovskite solar cells for practical applications.

Spontaneously Self‐Assembly of a 2D/3D Heterostructure Enhances the Efficiency and Stability in Printed Perovskite Solar Cells

“…It should be noted that a 10% molar ratio of methylammonium chloride (MACl) is added into the MAPbI 3 precursor solution, functioning solely as a morphology modulator to mitigate the formation of holes. [ 36,37 ] Figure 1c,d shows the top‐view scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the prepared perovskite films without and with SBLC incorporation. The films are deposited on conducting tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates.…”

“…The perovskite absorber layer was subsequently deposited using the vacuum‐assisted one‐step blade‐coating method as described in a previous work. [ 37 ] On top of perovskite film, the electrotransporting layer PC 61 BM (20 mg mL −1 in chlorobenzene) and the interfacial layer BCP (2.5 mg mL −1 in isopropanol) was successively deposited by spin‐coating at 2000 rpm for 30 s and 5000 rpm for 30 s, respectively. Finally, 120 nm Ag contact was deposited by thermal evaporation.…”

Tailoring C60 for Efficient Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

“…The thermal infrared videos (Supporting Information) were applied to in suit monitor the distribution of the heat field during the phase transition heating process. The area of each subcell is 0.75 × 4.4 cm 2 and each dead area is 0.25 × 4.4 cm 2 , leading to geometric fill factor of 75% (Figure S20a, Supporting Information) . The size of each mask is 0.65 × 4.2 cm 2 , giving the total active area of the module of 10.92 cm 2 (Figure S20b, Supporting Information).…”

Spiro‐Linked Molecular Hole‐Transport Materials for Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

“…After it cooled down to room temperature, the substrate was transferred to a nitrogen‐filled glovebox. The MAPbI 3 perovskite layer was subsequently deposited by the vacuum‐assisted blade‐coating method, as described in our previous work . The only difference is that the solvent used in this work was GBL:DMSO (7:3 vol%) instead of the DMF:DMSO (4:1 vol%).…”