A Generalized Framework for E-Contract

Abstract

With the growth of internet technologies, e-commerce activities are growing exponentially. It is being used in different IT applications. Electronics contracting is a major part of the e-commerce activity. Contract between the exchanging sides have been adopted as a solution that guarantees the right of participants and increases mutual trust. Electronic contract (e-contract) or Trading Partner agreement (TPA) can be done between the stakeholders involved including the payment authority, buyer & seller. Since the year 1998, open buying on the internet (OBI) protocol is being used for business to business(B2B) internet commerce. XML based frameworks such as BizTalk, commerce XML, eXML, eCo frameworks are increasingly being used to bridge the gap between the buyer and seller. Multiple e-commerce standards need to be integrated in order to have a standard framework. In this paper, the authors have proposed a generalized framework for e–contract considering the domain of e-commerce like B2B, B2C & C2C into consideration.

Critical Factors to Overcome Project Scope Creep in the Oil and Gas Industry

“…A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that creates responsibilities for each party to perform something or promises (e.g., such as building a bridge project at a specific scope, price, and schedule of time), and this agreement comes into force by a court of law, which means in case one part dishonor the contract the other party has the right to bring an action for damage in the court or to go for arbitration to keep the confidentiality of the contract and to maintain the long relationship of business parties (Kujala et al, 2015). The commercial satisfaction of a contractual relationship needs a contract to be in writing; this formality leads to a written or other permanent records (such as E-contract) or what has been agreed, and this enables third parties (including the courts) to see what rights and duties under the agreement affect each party (Trad, 2021;Tripathy & Mishra, 2017). Also, the reasons for formal/written contractual relationships are inaccurate memory (i.e., People forgets), no trust between/among parties, and complexity in technical/commercial/legal issues (AZTech & COPEX, 2014).…”

The Business Transformation Framework and Enterprise Architecture Framework for Managers in Business Innovation

“…Robustness is a major CSF for an electronic or distributed system that in general are very complex to manage; EA methodologies can improve the robustness of a distributed (or e-) business system by transforming their design, development, integration and maintenance processes and (e)tranasctions; nevertheless, EA standard methodologies must be supported by an additional automated mechanism like the AHMM formalism that fits in the architecture development methodologies like the ADM (Tripathy & Mishra, 2017;Greefhorst, 2009).…”

“…Because of high scores, Table 4 shows that AHMM implementation is not a very risky and that a positive domain is the architecture and knowledge management; this research work and its PoC have fully achieved the defined objectives. The resultant technical and managerial recommendations are: • EA methodologies improve the robustness of a distributed (or e-)business system by a BTP and (e)transactions support (Tripathy & Mishra, 2017;Greefhorst, 2009). • Unbundle the enterprise system to deliver the needed microartefacts library.…”

Perancangan Aplikasi E-contract Pada Platform Manga Toon Berbasis Web Pada Manga Toon HK Limited

“…4. Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan Biswajit Tripathy dan Jibitesh Mishra (2017) [13] menuliskan bahwa Kontrak elektronik adalah bagian utama dari aktivitas e-commerce. Kontrak elektronik (kontrak elektronik) atau perjanjian Mitra Dagang / Trading Partner agreement (TPA) dapat dilakukan antara pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat termasuk otoritas pembayaran, pembeli & penjual.…”