A genetic and metabolic basis for faster growth among triploids induced by blocking meiosis I but not meiosis II in the larviparous European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis L.

Hawkins, A. J. S.; Day, Amanda J.; Gérard, André; Naciri, Yamama; Ledu, Christophe; Bayne, B. L.; Héral, Maurice

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(94)90164-3

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Total mass (including the shell, data not presented) and AFDM of triploid oysters was, as expected (Hawkins et al 1994;Nell et al 1994), after 3 years of cultivation, 40% and 64% (Fig. 1C) greater than those of diploid oysters.…”

Section: Patterns Of Reproduction and Growthmentioning

confidence: 86%

Physiological costs of reproduction in the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata

Honkoop

2003

Oecologia

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In this study, triploid Sydney rock oysters Saccostrea glomerata, which do not reproduce and have only limited gonadal development, were used to calculate the cost of producing and maintaining somatic tissues. The consumption of oxygen was measured and converted to units of energy expended. The consumption of oxygen of diploid oysters, in different stages of the reproductive cycle, was also measured. Knowing the costs of producing and maintaining somatic tissues (obtained from the triploid oysters), it was possible to calculate the energy demand of somatic and reproductive tissues of diploid oysters. The focus of this study was to test whether this method would work, to investigate if this method would give results in accordance with modern life-history theory and to test hypotheses about costs of reproduction in oysters. It was found that in diploid oysters, 27% of the consumed oxygen was needed for reproductive processes. It was also found that the costs of production and maintenance of reproductive tissues were on average 84% of those of somatic tissues. Costs for the production and maintenance of somatic tissues decreased over time. Costs for reproduction also decreased, but were dependent on the stage of gonadal development. If the relative mass of gametes in the gonads was large, the costs were relatively small; if the mass was relatively small, the costs were large. Differences between traits of males and females were never significant, suggesting that reproductive effort and costs were similar in males and females. It was estimated that if diploid oysters did not reproduce, they could gain 64% more somatic ash-free dry mass. Thus, in terms of growth, reproduction is an expensive activity.

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Section: Patterns Of Reproduction and Growthmentioning

confidence: 86%

Physiological costs of reproduction in the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata

Honkoop

2003

Oecologia

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“…The improved growth and survival of triploid oysters has mainly been interpreted as an indirect effect of triploidy through energetic re-allocation from gonadic development to somatic growth and resistance (Allen andDowning, 1986, 1990;GarnierGéré et al, 2002). An alternative hypothesis explains the improvement of survival in triploid oysters as a result of a superior energy budget irrespective of energetic re-allocation processes (Hawkins et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of diploid and triploid Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas to Vibrio infection in relation to their reproductive status

Decker

Normand

Saulnier

et al. 2011

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Several Vibrio species are known to be pathogenic to the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Survival varies according to pathogen exposure and high mortality events usually occur in summer during gametogenesis. In order to study the effects of gametogenetic status and ploidy (a factor known to affect reproduction allocation in oysters) on vibriosis survival, we conducted two successive experiments. Our results demonstrate that a common bath challenge with pathogenic Vibrio splendidus and Vibrio aestuarianus on a mixture of mature, spawning and non-mature oysters can lead to significant mortality. Previous bath challenges, which were done using only non-mature oysters, had not produced mortality. Immunohistochemical analyses showed the affinity of Vibrio for gonadic tissues, highlighting the importance of sexual maturity for vibriosis infection processes in oysters. Mortality rate results showed poor repeatability between tanks, however, in this bath challenge. We then tested a standardized and repeatable injection protocol using two different doses of the same combination of two Vibrio species on related diploid and triploid oysters at four different times over a year. Statistical analyses of mortality kinetics over a 6-day period after injection revealed that active gametogenesis periods correspond to higher susceptibility to vibriosis and that there is a significant interaction of this seasonal effect with ploidy. However, no significant advantage of triploidy was observed. Triploid oysters even showed lower survival than diploid counterparts in winter. Results are discussed in relation to differing energy allocation patterns between diploid and triploid Pacific oysters.

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“…In European flat oysters, Hawkins et al (1994) reported that lifetime growth in total dry tissue weigh over 15 months was more than 60% faster in MI triploids than in diploid siblings or MII triploids, and that the average heterozygosity for six polymorphic enzyme loci in MI triploids was 49% higher than in normal diploids, and 55% higher than in MII triploids. In our study, the method for calculating heterozygosity was exactly the same as in Hawkins (1994), the triploid Chinese shrimp did not show superior growth at immature stage compared to the diploids but exhibited greater growth during mature stage . MI triploids were found to be more polymorphic than MII triploids, but the difference was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It has been generally shown that in MI triploids, average multi-locus heterozygosity was higher than that in MII triploids and diploid siblings (Hawkins et al 1994;Wang et al 2002). Actual increases in heterozygosity at a locus depended not only on which meiotic division is suppressed, but also on the frequency of crossing-over (recombination) between the centromere and the locus (Beaumont and Fairbrother 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microsatellite-centromere distances and microsatellite diversity in different ploidy classes of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus Chinensis)

Wang

Xiang

et al. 2007

Genetica

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This is the first report of microsatellite-centromere mapping in this commercial species Fenneropenaeus Chinensis, and will be important for providing fixed points in the linkage groups of genetic maps. Triploid Chinese shrimp was induced by heat shock. The fertilized eggs were treated either by retention of the first polar body or the second polar body to produce Meiosis I (MI) or Meiosis II (MII) triploid. The triploidy status in each Chinese shrimp could be confirmed by nine polymorphic microsatellite loci, in which the parents with different alleles and the female parents were each heterozygous. The nine loci were mapped in relation to their centromeres in three MII triploid families, which were induced by retention of the second polar bodies after fertilization with sperm. Microsatellite-centromere (M-C) distances ranged from 9.6 cM to 37 cM under the assumption of complete interference. Information on the positions of centromeres in relation to the microsatellite loci will represent a contribution towards assembly of genetic maps in F. chinensis. Twelve polymorphic microsatellites were used to assess the heterozygosity and allelic diversity in different ploidy classes. As expected, triploids were significantly more polymorphic than diploids. The diploids had an average heterozygosity and allelic diversity value of 0.86, whereas the triploids heterozygosity averaged 0.93 and had allelic diversity value of 1.29. However, MI triploids were not significantly more polymorphic than MII in the microsatellite loci.

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A genetic and metabolic basis for faster growth among triploids induced by blocking meiosis I but not meiosis II in the larviparous European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis L.

Cited by 58 publications

References 37 publications

Physiological costs of reproduction in the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata

Physiological costs of reproduction in the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata

Responses of diploid and triploid Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas to Vibrio infection in relation to their reproductive status

Microsatellite-centromere distances and microsatellite diversity in different ploidy classes of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus Chinensis)

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