A Genetic History of Continuity and Mobility in the Iron Age Central Mediterranean

Moots, Hannah M.; Antonio, Margaret L.; Sawyer, Susanna; Spence, Jeffrey P.; Oberreiter, Victoria; Weiß, Clemens L.; Lucci, Michaela; Cherifi, Yahia Mehdi Seddik; Pastina, Francesco La; Genchi, Francesco; Praxmarer, Elisa; Zagorc, Brina; Cheronet, Olivia; Özdoğan, Kadir T.; Demetz, Lea; Amrani, Selma; Candilio, Francesca; Angelis, Daniela De; Fernandes, Daniel; Gao, Ziyue; Fantar, Mounir; Coppa, Alfredo; Pritchard, Jonathan K.; Pinhasi, Ron

doi:10.1101/2022.03.13.483276

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…We collected whole genomes from 204 individuals across 53 archaeological sites in 18 countries spanning Europe and the Mediterranean (Figure 1 - figure supplement 1), 26 of these individuals were recently reported (Moots et al, 2022). This collection includes the first historical genomes from present-day Armenia, Algeria, Austria, and France.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 204 ancient genomes reported in this study, 26 of which were recently reported in (Moots et al, 2022), represent a subset of samples screened from 53 archaeological sites across 18 countries.…”

Section: Dna Extraction Library Preparation and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly to how the empirical data was analyzed with smartpca, we also did 5 rounds of iterative outlier removal, removing individuals from the PCA analysis that deviated by more than six standard deviations along any of the principal components. Note that the Bronze Age and Iron Age sites were recently reported in (Moots et al, 2022). Geographic distance between the sampling locations of "outlier with source" and the location of their putative source was estimated for each outlier.…”

Section: Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequences mapped to the human reference genome are available under accession number PRJEB53564. Sequences previously reported by (Moots et al, 2022) are available under accession number PRJEB49419. All published data used in this study is listed in Appendix 5, and can be retrieved from primary sources (see Methods, “Combining new genotypes with ancient and present-day published data”) or from the Allen Ancient Data Resource (Mallick et al, 2023).…”

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Circles are colored by their time period: Bronze Age is green (Pian Sultano), Iron Age is yellow (two recently reported sites Tarquinia and Kerkouane), Imperial Rome and Late Antiquity is dark blue, Medieval Ages and Early Modern are light blue (Palazzo della Cancelleria, Velić, Gardun, Mirine-Fulfinum). Note that the Bronze Age and Iron Age sites were recently reported in (Moots et al, 2022).…”

Section: Figure 1 - Figure Supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility

Antonio

Weiß

Gao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Ancient DNA research in the past decade has revealed that European population structure changed dramatically in the prehistoric period (14,000-3,000 years before present, YBP), reflecting the widespread introduction of Neolithic farmer and Bronze Age Steppe ancestries. However, little is known about how population structure changed in the historical period onward (3,000 YBP - present). To address this, we collected whole genomes from 204 individuals from Europe and the Mediterranean, many of which are the first historical period genomes from their region (e.g. Armenia, France). We found that most regions show remarkable inter-individual heterogeneity. Around 8% of historical individuals carry ancestry uncommon in the region where they were sampled, some indicating cross-Mediterranean contacts. Despite this high level of mobility, overall population structure across western Eurasia is relatively stable through the historical period up to the present, mirroring the geographic map. We show that, under standard population genetics models with local panmixia, the observed level of dispersal would lead to a collapse of population structure. Persistent population structure thus suggests a lower effective migration rate than indicated by the observed dispersal. We hypothesize that this phenomenon can be explained by extensive transient dispersal arising from drastically improved transportation networks and the Roman Empire’s mobilization of people for trade, labor, and military. This work highlights the utility of ancient DNA in elucidating finer scale human population dynamics in recent history.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dna Extraction Library Preparation and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 - Figure Supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility

Antonio

Weiß

Gao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Northwest African Neolithic initiated by migrants from Iberia and Levant

Simões¹,

Günther²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2023

Nature

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In northwestern Africa, lifestyle transitioned from foraging to food production around 7,400 years ago but what sparked that change remains unclear. Archaeological data support conflicting views: (1) that migrant European Neolithic farmers brought the new way of life to North Africa1–3 or (2) that local hunter-gatherers adopted technological innovations4,5. The latter view is also supported by archaeogenetic data6. Here we fill key chronological and archaeogenetic gaps for the Maghreb, from Epipalaeolithic to Middle Neolithic, by sequencing the genomes of nine individuals (to between 45.8- and 0.2-fold genome coverage). Notably, we trace 8,000 years of population continuity and isolation from the Upper Palaeolithic, via the Epipaleolithic, to some Maghrebi Neolithic farming groups. However, remains from the earliest Neolithic contexts showed mostly European Neolithic ancestry. We suggest that farming was introduced by European migrants and was then rapidly adopted by local groups. During the Middle Neolithic a new ancestry from the Levant appears in the Maghreb, coinciding with the arrival of pastoralism in the region, and all three ancestries blend together during the Late Neolithic. Our results show ancestry shifts in the Neolithization of northwestern Africa that probably mirrored a heterogeneous economic and cultural landscape, in a more multifaceted process than observed in other regions.

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The Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR) a curated compendium of ancient human genomes

Mallick,

Micco,

Mah

et al. 2024

Sci Data

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More than two hundred papers have reported genome-wide data from ancient humans. While the raw data for the vast majority are fully publicly available testifying to the commitment of the paleogenomics community to open data, formats for both raw data and meta-data differ. There is thus a need for uniform curation and a centralized, version-controlled compendium that researchers can download, analyze, and reference. Since 2019, we have been maintaining the Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR), which aims to provide an up-to-date, curated version of the world’s published ancient human DNA data, represented at more than a million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at which almost all ancient individuals have been assayed. The AADR has gone through six public releases at the time of writing and review of this manuscript, and crossed the threshold of >10,000 individuals with published genome-wide ancient DNA data at the end of 2022. This note is intended as a citable descriptor of the AADR.

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A Genetic History of Continuity and Mobility in the Iron Age Central Mediterranean

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility

Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility

Northwest African Neolithic initiated by migrants from Iberia and Levant

The Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR) a curated compendium of ancient human genomes

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