A Genome-Wide View of Transcriptional Responses during Aphis glycines Infestation in Soybean

Abstract

Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is one of the major limiting factors in soybean production. The mechanism of aphid resistance in soybean remains enigmatic as little information is available about the different mechanisms of antibiosis and antixenosis. Here, we used genome-wide gene expression profiling of aphid susceptible, antibiotic, and antixenotic genotypes to investigate the underlying aphid–plant interaction mechanisms. The high expression correlation between infested and non-infested genotypes indicated that the response to aphid was controlled by a small subset of genes. Plant response to aphid infestation was faster in antibiotic genotype and the interaction in antixenotic genotype was moderation. The expression patterns of transcription factor genes in susceptible and antixenotic genotypes clustered together and were distant from those of antibiotic genotypes. Among them APETALA 2/ethylene response factors (AP2/ERF), v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB), and the transcription factor contained conserved WRKYGQK domain (WRKY) were proposed to play dominant roles. The jasmonic acid-responsive pathway was dominant in aphid–soybean interaction, and salicylic acid pathway played an important role in antibiotic genotype. Callose deposition was more rapid and efficient in antibiotic genotype, while reactive oxygen species were not involved in the response to aphid attack in resistant genotypes. Our study helps to uncover important genes associated with aphid-attack response in soybean genotypes expressing antibiosis and antixenosis.

Integrating Full-Length Transcriptome and RNA Sequencing of Siberian Wildrye (Elymus sibiricus) to Reveal Molecular Mechanisms in Response to Drought Stress

“…In addition, the higher number of DEGs in the X genotype suggests that it experienced less damage at the cellular level, as the up-regulation of genes in response to stress is often associated with the activation of stress-related pathways that can help prevent or repair damage to cellular components caused by stress. The transcription trend observed in soybean ( Aphis glycines ) [ 41 ] and upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) [ 42 ] also showed that the drought-tolerant genotype expressed more DEGs than the drought-sensitive genotype under stress conditions. Furthermore, significantly more DEGs were observed in both genotypes only in short-term responses, rather than in long-term drought ( Figure S3 ).…”

PlantNLRatlas: a comprehensive dataset of full- and partial-length NLR resistance genes across 100 chromosome-level plant genomes

“…To study the expression patterns of NLR genes, we utilized transcriptomic data from chitin-or flg22-treated polyploid wheat (Triticum aestivum; accession number PRJEB23056) (Ramıŕez-Gonzaĺez et al, 2018) and chitin-treated soybean (Glycine max; accession number PRJNA594515) (Yao et al, 2020). HISAT2 (v2.2.1) (Kim et al, 2019) was used to create a genomic index and align the raw fastq data to the genome, using default parameters.…”

Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Interactions With Aphids

“…Of the time series conducted within this range, the majority suggest a transient ROS response that peaks on or before 24 h and then declines, often returning to baseline levels 3–4 days after treatment ( Moloi and Van Der Westhuizen, 2006 ; Moloi and van der Westhuizen, 2014 ; Ren et al, 2014 ; Sytykiewicz, 2015 ; Mai et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Łukasik et al, 2017 ; Shao et al, 2019 ; Woźniak et al, 2019 ). Certain time series studies, however, did not detect significant increases in ROS until well after 24 h ( Kerchev et al, 2012 ; Yao et al, 2020 ), or observed ROS levels that peaked after 24 h and/or continued to increase steadily in the days following infestation ( Borowiak-Sobkowiak et al, 2016 ; Sun et al, 2016 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ). In one of the longest time series studies, O 2 – induction in arborvitae ( T. orientalis ) by the cypress pine aphid ( Cinara tujafilina ) persisted even at 2 weeks after infestation ( Durak et al, 2019 ).…”

“…However, there are some exceptions to this generalization. The soybean aphid induced ROS accumulation at 96 h in a susceptible soybean cultivar but not in a resistant genotype, indicating that ROS accumulation is not necessarily associated with all forms of aphid resistance ( Yao et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, a direct comparison of the phytotoxic greenbug S. graminum and a non-phytotoxic species (the English grain aphid, S. avenae ) on susceptible winter wheat ( T. aestivum ) revealed earlier, stronger, and more persistent ROS accumulation in response to the phytotoxic species, suggesting a correlation between ROS generation and symptom development ( Zhang et al, 2019 ).…”