A genomic view of immunology

Fahrer, Aude M.; Bazan, Jan G.; Papathanasiou, Panagiotis; Nelms, Keats; Goodnow, Christopher C.

doi:10.1038/35057020

Cited by 76 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These investigations have been done in the hope of understanding human development and differentiation of cells in a more accurate way [18]. Despite of the great achievement of fully decoding the human genome [20], it turns out that all results are not able to explain the development of a human from a single cell [23].…”

Section: The In Vivo Models and Their Confusing Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-cell-bioreactors as end of miniaturization approaches in biotechnology: progresses with characterised bioreactors and a glance into the future

Meier

Huebner

2005

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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Incidents with single cells and their genesis have not been the major focus of science up to now. This fact is supported by the difficulties one faces when wanting to monitor and cultivate small populations of cells in a defined compartment under controlled conditions, in vitro. Several approaches of up- and down-scaling have often led to poorly understood results which might be better elucidated by understanding the cellular genesis as a function of its microenvironment. This review of the approaches of scale-up and scale-down processes illustrates technical possibilities and shows up their limitations with regard to obtainable data for the characterisation of cellular genesis and impact of the cellular microenvironment. For example, stem cell research advances underline the lack of information about the impact of the microenvironment on cellular development. Finally, a proposal of future research efforts is given on how to overcome this lack of data via a novel bioreactor setup.

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Section: The In Vivo Models and Their Confusing Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-cell-bioreactors as end of miniaturization approaches in biotechnology: progresses with characterised bioreactors and a glance into the future

Meier

Huebner

2005

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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“…ENU mutagenesis screens are successfully being conducted on a large-scale at Harwell in the United Kingdom (Nolan et al, 2000a, b) and Munich and Neuherberg in Germany (Hrabe de Pargent et al, 2000;Rathkolb et al, 2000;Soewarto et al, 2000) in Australia (Fahrer et al, 2001), and in Japan (T. Shiroishi & Y. Gondo, personal communication). In North America a number of centers have recently been established to conduct large-scale ENU mutagenesis screens for a wide variety of phenotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Implementing Large-Scale ENU Mutagenesis Screens in North America

et al. 2004

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“…The availability of the human genome sequence, as well as sophisticated computational modeling of structural homologies, have enabled the identification of new cytokines "in silico" in the absence of information on biological function. Experimental technologies including real time PCR and DNA microarray assays for measuring gene expression, as well as transgenic mice and gene-knockout methodologies for in vivo analysis, now make it possible to start with putative cytokine or cytokine receptor cDNA sequences and rapidly define their expression patterns and biological functions [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses by the related cytokines IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27

Beadling

Slifka

2006

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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The functional characterization and subsequent purification of T cell growth factor/interleukin (IL)-2 in the early 1980s established this secreted protein as a key mediator of immune cell activation and provided the prototype that enabled the discovery of numerous cytokines over the ensuing two decades. While soluble immunoregulatory factors were initially identified functionally as biological activities present in the culture supernatants of activated lymphocytes/monocytes, this methodology shifted radically following the completion of the human genome sequence. Computer-generated structural modeling algorithms have replaced functional assays and biochemical purification as the initial means of discovering new cytokines. To date, a total of 31 interleukins, as well as over a dozen other related hematopoietic factors, have been identified. These cytokines and their receptors may be grouped on the basis of structural homologies as well as by shared ligand and receptor subunits. The challenge now at hand is to define the biological functions of the newly identified cytokines and to elucidate the common and divergent roles of related family members. This point is well illustrated by the IL-12/IL-23/IL-27 family, whose members share ligand and receptor subunits and play somewhat overlapping roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. These three cytokines are not entirely redundant, as they may preferentially activate naïve or memory T cells, induce discrete T cell cytokine profiles, contribute to distinct stages of host immune responses to infectious agents, and differentially promote autoimmunity. Further elucidation of the unique functions of the IL-12 family members may lead to improved immunodiagnostics and therapies.

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A genomic view of immunology

Cited by 76 publications

References 16 publications

Single-cell-bioreactors as end of miniaturization approaches in biotechnology: progresses with characterised bioreactors and a glance into the future

Single-cell-bioreactors as end of miniaturization approaches in biotechnology: progresses with characterised bioreactors and a glance into the future

Implementing Large-Scale ENU Mutagenesis Screens in North America

Regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses by the related cytokines IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27

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