A genotypic analysis of patients receiving Zidovudine with either Lamivudine, Didanosine or Zalcitabine dual therapy using the LiPA point mutation assay to detect genotypic variation at codons 41, 69, 70, 74, 184 and 215

Rusconi, Stefano; Catamancio, Simona La Seta; Sheridan, Francis; Parker, David C.

doi:10.1016/s1386-6532(00)00087-1

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The basis for the LiPA technology involves reverse hybridization of a biotin-labeled PCR fragment that encodes the HIV-1 RT or protease gene region of interest to immobilized oligonucleotides that are embedded within nitrocellulose membrane test strips (48,54). The presence of WT or drugresistant variants is determined by using a biotin-streptavidin colorimetric readout in which the relative amount of either species is proportional to the intensities of the bands (7,43), enabling this test to detect individual genotypes among populations with mixtures of genotypes (7,17,43,48,55). LiPA can often reveal the presence of minority species that constitute as little as 1% of the viral population, whereas the cutoff for detection of majority species by DNA sequencing ranges from 10 to 30% (7,17,43,48,51,55).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Maintenance of the M184V Substitution in the Reverse Transcriptase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Various Nucleoside Antiretroviral Agents in Tissue Culture

Petrella

Oliveira

Moïsi

et al. 2004

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The M184V substitution in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) is rapidly selected in tissue culture following serial passage of wild-type virus in the presence of increasing concentrations of lamivudine (3TC). M184V is also associated with several alterations of RT enzymatic function in vitro that may adversely affect viral fitness or replication capacity, which creates a potential rationale for its maintenance once it has been selected by antiviral chemotherapy. However, the relative effectiveness of nucleoside RT inhibitors that are structurally unrelated to 3TC in selecting and/or maintaining M184V has not been investigated. In the present study, we have studied the abilities of a variety of drugs, i.e., zalcitabine (ddC), didanosine (ddI), abacavir (ABC), and the novel nucleoside SPD754, in addition to 3TC, to maintain the presence of M184V in tissue culture and have shown that SPD754, ABC, and 3TC are able to preserve M184V in mixed dual infections consisting of wild-type viruses and clinical isolates which contained the M184V mutation. Moreover, M184V could also be maintained in these cultures when a subtherapeutic concentration of 3TC (i.e., 0.05 M) was used. In contrast, neither ddI nor ddC was able to maintain M184V to the same extent as the other drugs after 10 weeks of tissue culture in mixtures of wild-type viruses and isolates containing M184V in different proportions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Maintenance of the M184V Substitution in the Reverse Transcriptase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Various Nucleoside Antiretroviral Agents in Tissue Culture

Petrella

Oliveira

Moïsi

et al. 2004

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Despite the successful suppression of viral replication, drug resistance in some patients had emerged as treatment failure. The presence of mutations in the reverse transcriptase genes at codons 41, 69, 70, 74, 184 and 215 was found to be the most prevalent cause for NRTI resistance (58). These mutations were first referred to as zidovudine resistant mutations and it has now emerged that they determine resistance to other members of the NRTI group of drugs.…”

Section: Clinical Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Efficacy of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Brain

Kandanearatchi¹,

Williams²,

Everall³

2003

Brain Pathology

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The devastating effects of HIV infection have been documented for the last 2 decades. Since the 1980s over 60 million people have been infected and at present 40 million people globally are living with HIV (72). HIV infects the central nervous system (CNS) early in the disease process. Indeed, numerous studies document the presence of HIV within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (14,15). Direct infection of the brain by HIV ultimately results in HIV associated dementia (HAD), which (prior to the advent of antiretroviral therapy) affected 20% of patients (48, 55). An increasing number of drugs have been developed to treat this infection and delay the development of AIDS. Current treatment is aimed at inhibiting viral replication, and thus, lowering the viral load. However a subsequent increase in viral load can occur as patients become resistant to drug therapy. In the era of HAART, the incidence of HAD has been reduced, whereas the prevalence rate is increasing as people with HIV survive longer. However, in a study of initial AIDS defining illnesses, the proportion with HIV related dementia did not decline following introduction of HAART (19). In a separate study, no decrease was found in the incidence of dementia per se, although there was a decrease in the incidence of all AIDS‐defining illnesses during this time period (50). It is evident from most studies that since the introduction of HAART, its effect on HAD is not entirely clear, although the majority of findings indicate that it is beneficial. Here we will outline the issues relevant to preventing HAD by HAART.

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“…Evaluating the effects of these mutations has become an important factor in developing treatment strategies for infected patients [3,4]. Several methodologies have been developed to either phenotypically or genotypically determine HIV-1 drug susceptibility [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docking and multivariate methods to explore HIV-1 drug-resistance: a comparative analysis

Almerico

Tutone

Lauria

2008

J Comput Aided Mol Des

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In this paper we describe a comparative analysis between multivariate and docking methods in the study of the drug resistance to the reverse transcriptase and the protease inhibitors. In our early papers we developed a simple but efficient method to evaluate the features of compounds that are less likely to trigger resistance or are effective against mutant HIV strains, using the multivariate statistical procedures PCA and DA. In the attempt to create a more solid background for the prediction of susceptibility or resistance, we carried out a comparative analysis between our previous multivariate approach and molecular docking study. The intent of this paper is not only to find further support to the results obtained by the combined use of PCA and DA, but also to evidence the structural features, in terms of molecular descriptors, similarity, and energetic contributions, derived from docking, which can account for the arising of drug-resistance against mutant strains.

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A genotypic analysis of patients receiving Zidovudine with either Lamivudine, Didanosine or Zalcitabine dual therapy using the LiPA point mutation assay to detect genotypic variation at codons 41, 69, 70, 74, 184 and 215

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Differential Maintenance of the M184V Substitution in the Reverse Transcriptase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Various Nucleoside Antiretroviral Agents in Tissue Culture

Differential Maintenance of the M184V Substitution in the Reverse Transcriptase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Various Nucleoside Antiretroviral Agents in Tissue Culture

Assessing the Efficacy of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Brain

Docking and multivariate methods to explore HIV-1 drug-resistance: a comparative analysis

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