A Geochemical Study of Iodine in Volcanic Gases

Honda, Fumihiro; Mizutani, Yoshihiko; Sugiura, Tsutomu; Oana, Shinya

doi:10.1246/bcsj.39.2690

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Other studies have shown that while the Cl vs. Br ratio for volcanic condensates is in agreement with the seawater ratio of around 650 (Gerlach, 2004;Aiuppa et al, 2005), the ratio of Cl vs. I is about 2 orders of magnitude lower in volcanic plumes than in seawater (Honda et al, 1966;Honda, 1970;Snyder and Fehn, 2002;Aiuppa et al, 2005). Consequently, an enhancement of io-dine species takes place in the processes which determine the release of halogens from volcanic activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Space-based observation of volcanic iodine monoxide

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Volcanic eruptions inject substantial amounts of halogens into the atmosphere. Chlorine and bromine oxides have frequently been observed in volcanic plumes from different instrumental platforms such as from ground, aircraft and satellites. The present study is the first observational evidence that iodine oxides are also emitted into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions. Large column amounts of iodine monoxide, IO, are observed in satellite measurements following the major eruption of the Kasatochi volcano, Alaska, in 2008. The IO signal is detected in measurements made both by SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY) on ENVISAT (Environmental Satellite) and GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2) on MetOp-A (Meteorological Operational Satellite A). Following the eruption on 7 August 2008, strongly elevated levels of IO slant columns of more than 4 × 1013 molec cm−2 are retrieved along the volcanic plume trajectories for several days. The retrieved IO columns from the different instruments are consistent, and the spatial distribution of the IO plume is similar to that of bromine monoxide, BrO. Details in the spatial distribution, however, differ between IO, BrO and sulfur dioxide, SO2. The column amounts of IO are approximately 1 order of magnitude smaller than those of BrO. Using the GOME-2A observations, the total mass of IO in the volcanic plume injected into the atmosphere from the eruption of Kasatochi on 7 August 2008, is determined to be on the order of 10 Mg.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Space-based observation of volcanic iodine monoxide

et al. 2017

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“…Honda et al (1966) studied the iodine abundance of gases from active volcanoes in Japan and found it varied geographically and with temperature. Values between 0.025-3.9 mg/kg I in the condensate are reported by these workers.…”

Section: Sources (Not Directly Marine) That Contribute Iodine To the mentioning

confidence: 99%

The geochemistry of iodine — a review

Fuge

Johnson

1986

Environ Geochem Health

379

255

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Iodine has long been recognised as an important element environmentally. Despite this there are many gaps in our knowledge of its geochemistry and even where information is available much of this is based on old data which, in the light of recent data, are suspect.Iodine forms few independent minerals and is unlikely to enter most rock-forming minerals. In igneous rocks its concentration is fairly uniform and averages 0.24 mg/kg. Sedimentary rocks tend to have higher concentrations with average iodine contents of:-recent sediments 5-200 mg/kg, carbonates 2.7 mg/kg, shales 2.3 mg/kg and sandstones 0.8 mg/kg. Organic-rich sediments are particularly enriched in iodine.Soils, generally, are much richer in iodine than the parent rocks with the actual level being decided mainly by soil type and locality. Little soil iodine is water-soluble and much iodine is thought to be associated with organic matter, clays and aluminium and iron oxides. Most iodine in soils is derived from the atmosphere where, in turn, it has been derived from the oceans. Seawater has a mean iodine content of 58 μg/L, while non-saline surface waters have lower and very variable levels. Subsurface brines and mineral waters are generally strongly enriched in iodine.Marine plants are frequently enriched in iodine while terrestrial plants have generally low contents. Iodine is essential for all mammals.Consideration of the geochemical cycle of iodine reveals that its transfer from the oceans to the atmosphere is probably the most important process in its geochemistry.

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“…There are limited data on bromine and iodine in volcanic gases but it appears that bromine levels are linked with those of chlorine, the ratio Br/CI being 0.4 -2.4 x 10 -3 (Sugiura et al, 1963;Takahashi, 1971). The ratio I/C1 is much broader being 10 -3 -10 -5 (Honda et al, 1966).…”

Section: Other Sources Of Halogens In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of halogens in the environment, influences on human and animal health

Fuge

1988

Environ Geochem Health

100

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Of the halogens, fluorine has the highest crustal abundance (544 mg/kg) while iodine has the lowest (0.25 mg/kg), however, chlorine is by far the most abundant halogen in the cosmos. The geochemistries of the four naturally occurring halogens have some similarities with fluorine, chlorine and bromine being classified as lithophile elements while iodine is more chalcophile in nature. Bromine and iodine behave in a similar fashion in the secondary environment and could be classified as biophile elements being concentrated in organic matter. Chlorine, bromine and iodine are strongly enriched in the sea while iodine and to a lesser extent bromine are further concentrated in the marine algae.Apart from the occurrence of fluorine in fluorite (CaF2) there are few commonly occurring minerals which contain the halogens as essential constituents. In the igneous environment fluorine and chlorine tend to occupy hydroxyl lattice sites in micas, amphiboles, apatites etc., while in sediments clays can contain appreciable quantities of these elements. Bromine and iodine, however, would be unlikely to fit into the lattice sites of common rock-forming minerals.Bromine, like iodine, is probably volatilised from the marine environment and is carried on to land surfaces. This behaviour of iodine and bromine is reflected in the increased I/CI and Br/CI ratios of surface run-off in continental compared with near coastal environments.Limited information on the soil geochemistry of the halogens suggests that the soil contents of chlorine, bromine and iodine are influenced by proximity to the sea. Soil fluorine, however, is generally dependent on its content in the parent material. In some areas pollutant sources of the halogens contribute appreciably to their concentration in the environment.Iodine and chlorine are essential elements for mammals and fluorine has been shown to have beneficial effects on bone and tooth formation. However, excess quantities of dietary fluorine can be harmful. It is possible, in view of its ubiquitous occurrence in the biosphere, that bromine has a hitherto unknown function in human and animal health.

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A Geochemical Study of Iodine in Volcanic Gases

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Space-based observation of volcanic iodine monoxide

Space-based observation of volcanic iodine monoxide

The geochemistry of iodine — a review

Sources of halogens in the environment, influences on human and animal health

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