A glance at achievements in the coupling of headspace and direct immersion single‐drop microextraction with chromatographic techniques

Abstract

The present article offers a glance at achievements in single-drop microextraction(SDME), with a focus on the two most commonly used modes of this technique: headspace and direct immersion. Factors affecting SDME, such as the pH and ionic strength of the sample solution, the stirring rate, and the extraction time are briefly summarized. The requirements for the acceptor phase and the influence of the sampling temperature are presented. In addition, the potential of the application of microwave and ultrasonic energy in SDME is also discussed. Examples of the application of the headspace and direct immersion modes of SDME are given in a table as additional Supporting Information.

Hollow-fiber solvent bar microextraction with gas chromatography and electron capture detection determination of disinfection byproducts in water samples

“…Moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) [8,9] includes in its guidelines standard values for each of the THMs in drinking water, as follows: CHCl 3 , 200-300 g L −1 ; CHBrCl 2 , 60 g L −1 ; CHBr 2 Cl, 100 g L −1 ; and CHBr 3 , 100 g L −1 [10][11][12]. In 1974, Rook proposed a mechanism for the formation of THM from resorcinol-type molecules [13].…”

Enhanced headspace single drop microextraction method using deep eutectic solvent based magnetic bucky gels: Application to the determination of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in water and urine samples

“…The acceptor phase (extraction solvent) is a micro drop (usually less than 3 μL) of organic solvent that is suspended at the tip of a micro‐syringe needle . Two general modes of SDME are headspace (HS) and direct immersion (DI) . As in DI‐SDME the acceptor solvent droplet is directly immersed in the sample solution, it is a suitable method for extraction of nonvolatile compounds.…”

A two-in-one device for online monitoring of direct immersion single-drop microextraction: an optical probe as both microdrop holder and measuring cell

“…Several articles published at the end of the last century pointed out the potential of a microdrop for analytical purposes, and this initiated the development of microextraction techniques. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Various microextraction techniques and modalities exist, including hollow ber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), 8 homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (HLLE), 9,10 singledrop microextraction (SDME), [11][12][13][14] dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), 10,15 solidication of oating organic drop microextraction (SFODME), 16 ultrasound-assisted emulsication microextraction (USAEME) 17,18 and vortex-assisted liquidliquid microextraction (VALLME). 18,19 The SDME technique is mainly coupled with gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).…”

“…18,19 The SDME technique is mainly coupled with gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Only a handful of papers have been devoted to SDME procedures followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometric detection, 13 such as enzymatic SDME of ethanol in alcohol-free cosmetics 20 and directly suspended droplet microextraction of phosphate. 21 The limitations of the technical solutions allowing absorbance measurements in microvolumes have been previously discussed.…”