A Global Sea Surface Carbon Observing System: Inorganic and Organic Carbon Dynamics in Coastal Oceans

Borges, Alberto; Alin, Simone R.; Chávez, Francisco P.; Vlahos, Penny; Johnson, Kenneth S.; Holt, Jason; Balch, William M.; Bates, Nicholas R.; Brainard, Russell E.; Cai, W.; Chen, C.T.A.; Currie, Kim; Dai, Minhan; DeGrandpre, M. D.; Delille, Bruno; Dickson, Andrew; Evans, Wiley; Feely, Richard A.; Friederich, Gernot; Gong, GC; Hales, B. R.; Hardman-Mountford, Nicholas J.; Hendee, James C.; Hernández-Ayón, José Martín; Hood, M.; Huertas, Evelyn; Hydes, D.J.; Ianson, Debby; Κρασακοπούλου, Ε.; Litt, Emmer J.; Luchetta, Anna; Mathis, Jeremy T.; McGillis, Wade R.; Murata, Akihiko; Newton, Jan; Ólafsson, Jón; Omar, A. M.; Pérez, Fíz F.; Sabine, C. L.; Salisbury, Joseph E.; Salm, Rodney V.; Sarma, V. V. S. S.; Schneider, Bernd; Sigler, Michael F.; Thomas, Helmuth; Turk, Daniela; Vandermark, D.; Wanninkhof, Rik; Ward, Brian

doi:10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.07

Cited by 45 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…A considerable investment is needed in research and development of sensors and alternative platforms like drifters, wave riders, and robotic boats over the next decade to reduce costs, strengthen the benefits and provide the spatial and temporal coverage needed to resolve the seasonal and interannual variability in carbon fluxes for all ocean basins in Byrne et al, [57]. This is a critical step to address the existing gaps in the SOOP coverage.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Existing Sea-surface Carbon Observing Netmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Sea Surface Carbon Observing System: Assessment of Changing Sea Surface CO2 and Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes

Monteiro¹,

Schuster²,

Hood³

et al. 2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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SUMMARYThis paper identifies the important advances of the past decade that have delivered high precision pCO 2 observations from ships of opportunity (SOOP), robust decadal climatologies of air-sea CO 2 fluxes, and uniform data through coordinated quality control and inter comparisons activities, along with standardized instrumentation and procedures. The vision for the coming decade is to build on these successes to deliver an annual assessment and understanding of the regional and global trends in CO 2 exchanges between the ocean and the atmosphere. The core challenges are the maintenance and expansion of the sampling scales and the development of robust high precision in situ sensors.Highest priorities for the next 10 years for a global sea surface carbon observing system are: to deliver seasonally unbiased annual assessments of the regional and global trends in oceanatmosphere carbon fluxes. These should comprise monthly global flux maps that are used as constraints for atmospheric inversions in order to improve the assessment of the global carbon budget, including the terrestrial component. This will form an important link between the ocean CO 2 community and the global carbon budget assessment activities of the Global Carbon project (GCP) and its inputs to the periodic IPCC assessments. In order to achieve this, the following are necessary: to implement an effective and integrated multiplatform pCO 2 observing network that will reduce uncertainty in regional and global CO 2 flux estimates to ± 10 -15% of the annual mean flux; to advance sensor and instrument development, allowing the density of global surface ocean carbon observing networks to be increased by deployment on additional key SOOP lines, moorings, Lagrangian platforms, gliders and profiling floats. to understand and resolve the biogeochemical and physical mechanisms driving surface carbon, natural and anthropogenic CO 2 air-sea flux variability and long term trend sand a link to ocean acidification by incorporating a robust set of ancillary observations; to strengthen the capabilities of coupled climatecarbon models to forecast changes in the ocean uptake of CO 2 and the effectiveness of CO 2 emission mitigation strategies

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Section: Limitations Of the Existing Sea-surface Carbon Observing Netmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Sea Surface Carbon Observing System: Assessment of Changing Sea Surface CO2 and Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes

Monteiro¹,

Schuster²,

Hood³

et al. 2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In developing an observational network for ocean acidification most of the same sampling principles and strategies that are being developed for open-ocean and coastal carbon [55] apply here as well. For example, the decadal surveys are extremely useful for determining basin scale changes in the aragonite and calcite saturation states over timescales of 10-15 years.…”

Section: Repeat Surveys Of Chemical and Biological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the coastal environment, a similar sampling strategy to that outlined for the coastal carbon measurements [55] is recommended for the ocean acidification coastal network. Underway sampling on research vessels and VOS ships should include the additional pH and carbon parameters necessary to address ocean acidification [56].…”

Section: Repeat Surveys Of Chemical and Biological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An International Observational Network for Ocean Acidification

Feely

Fabry

Dickson

et al. 2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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“…Large seasonal variation of biogeochemistry in shelf seas (e.g., Borges et al, 2010) can dominate longerterm, gradual changes of seawater CO 2 -carbonate chemistry and ocean acidification signal. Time-series of seawater CO 2 -carbonate chemistry in the coastal marine environment tend to be relatively short (i.e., less than 10 years) with observation over an annual cycle (e.g., Johnson et al, 2013), a few years of regular sampling (e.g., Oregon coast, Harris et al, 2013;Santa Monica Bay, Leinweber and Gruber, 2013;Bermuda, Yeakel et al, 2015) that extends to 8 years of sampling (Bay of Bengal, Sarma et al, 2015).…”

Section: Comparison Of Onshore and Offshore Trends In Seawater Co 2 -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty Years of Marine Carbon Cycle Observations at Devils Hole Bermuda Provide Insights into Seasonal Hypoxia, Coral Reef Calcification, and Ocean Acidification

Bates

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Open-ocean observations have revealed gradual changes in seawater carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) chemistry resulting from uptake of atmospheric CO 2 and ocean acidification (OA), but, with few long-term records (>5 years) of the coastal ocean that can reveal the pace and direction of environmental change. In this paper, observations collected from 1996 to 2016 at Harrington Sound, Bermuda, constitute one of the longest time-series of coastal ocean inorganic carbon chemistry. Uniquely, such changes can be placed into the context of contemporaneous offshore changes observed at the nearby Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Onshore, surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ; >10% change per decade) have increased and OA indicators such as pH and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) saturation state ( ) decreased from 1996 to 2016 at a rate of two to three times that observed offshore at BATS. Such changes, combined with reduction of total alkalinity over time, reveal a complex interplay of biogeochemical processes influencing Bermuda reef metabolism, including net ecosystem production (NEP = gross primary production-autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration) and net ecosystem calcification (NEC = gross calcification-gross CaCO 3 dissolution). These long-term data show a seasonal shift between wintertime net heterotrophy and summertime net autotrophy for the entire Bermuda reef system. Over annual time-scales, the Bermuda reef system does not appear to be in trophic balance, but rather slightly net heterotrophic. In addition, the reef system is net accretive (i.e., gross calcification > gross CaCO 3 dissolution), but there were occasional periods when the entire reef system appears to transiently shift to net dissolution. A previous 5-year study of the Bermuda reef suggested that net calcification and net heterotrophy have both increased. Over the past 20 years, rates of net calcification and net heterotrophy determined for the Bermuda reef system have increased by ∼30%, most likely due to increased coral nutrition occurring in concert with increased offshore productivity in the surrounding subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Importantly, this long-term study reveals that other environmental factors (such as coral feeding) can mitigate against the effects of ocean acidification on coral reef calcification, at least over the past couple of decades.

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A Global Sea Surface Carbon Observing System: Inorganic and Organic Carbon Dynamics in Coastal Oceans

Cited by 45 publications

References 133 publications

A Global Sea Surface Carbon Observing System: Assessment of Changing Sea Surface CO2 and Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes

A Global Sea Surface Carbon Observing System: Assessment of Changing Sea Surface CO2 and Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes

An International Observational Network for Ocean Acidification

Twenty Years of Marine Carbon Cycle Observations at Devils Hole Bermuda Provide Insights into Seasonal Hypoxia, Coral Reef Calcification, and Ocean Acidification

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