A global three‐dimensional chemical transport model: 2. Nitrogen oxides and nonmethane hydrocarbon results

Jaffe, Daniel A.; Berntsen, Terje; Isaksen, I. S. A.

doi:10.1029/96jd03400

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…A number of models and observations have studied the outflow of Eurasian pollution to the western and central North Pacific [ Gregory et al , 1996; Jaffe et al , 1997; Ridley et al , 1997; Talbot et al , 1997; Phadnis and Carmichael , 2000; Kato et al , 2001]. Additional studies suggest anthropogenic pollutants emitted on the Eurasian continent can impact trace gas concentrations and photochemistry along the West Coast of the US [ Parrish et al , 1992; Andreae et al , 1988; Jaffe et al , 1999; Bailey et al , 2000; Jaffe et al , 2001; Kotchenruther et al , 2001].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical profiles of O₃, aerosols, CO and NMHCs in the Northeast Pacific during the TRACE‐P and ACE‐ASIA experiments

et al. 2003

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Airborne observations of NMHCs, O3, CO, and aerosol scatter were made near the coast of Washington State from 29 March to 6 May 2001 as part of the Photochemical Ozone Budget of the Eastern North Pacific‐II (PHOBEA‐II) experiment. These observations overlapped the time period of the TRACE‐P (24 February to 10 April 2001) and ACE‐ASIA (27 March to 30 April 2001) experiments operating in the Western Pacific. Measurements were made during 12 flights at 48.31 ± 0.03°N latitude, 124.63 ± 0.08°W longitude at altitudes from 0 to 6 km. On several flights, significant enhancements in all species were observed and are attributed to transport from the Eurasian continent, including a long‐range transport event observed on 14 April 2001. This event contained substantial CO, NMHC, and aerosol loadings and was identified by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) aboard the Earth Probe Satellite and airborne and surface measurements throughout North America. This airmass was unique in that it contained the highest levels of aerosol scatter, CO, and various NMHCs observed in 2001, was the only flight with a low Ångstrom coefficient (0.7) indicating dominance of super micron aerosols, and had a negative relationship between ozone and aerosol scatter (r = −0.30). Within this mineral dust and pollution layer, aerosol scatter, propane, and CO were enhanced by 1054%, 85%, and 36%, respectively, over the observed spring 2001 median values between 3.5 and 6 km. A comparison of our previous aircraft campaign in 1999 with 2001 observations shows that ozone, aerosol scatter, and most NMHCs were significantly lower in the spring of 2001. The exact cause is still under investigation, but the combination of elevated ozone, aerosol scatter, and NMHCs suggests a combustion source that was enhanced and/or transported more efficiently during the spring of 1999.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical profiles of O₃, aerosols, CO and NMHCs in the Northeast Pacific during the TRACE‐P and ACE‐ASIA experiments

et al. 2003

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“…PAN is also lost, to a lesser extent, by photolysis or OH/Cl oxidation, as described in reactions –: Photolysis and oxidation are of negligible consequence at 298 K but represent significant but slow removal processes at low temperatures [ Talukdar et al , 1995]. PAN is therefore a reservoir compound for NO x because of its long lifetime under Arctic or upper atmospheric conditions and can lead to transport of NO x to remote, clean environments [ Moxim et al , 1996; Singh et al , 1996; Jaffe et al , 1997]. It has been speculated that PAN decomposition in the snowpack may account for the high NO 3 − levels in surface snow at Summit, Greenland [ Dibb et al , 1998; Munger et al , 1999], although this has not been proven experimentally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxyacetyl nitrate photochemistry and interactions with the Arctic surface

Dassau

Shepson

Bottenheim³

et al. 2004

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is a NO x reservoir compound that has the ability to transport NO x to remote environments, allowing for NO x photochemistry and/or deposition of nitrogen to these clean locations. Measurements of PAN have been made at Alert, Nunavut, and Summit, Greenland, aimed at understanding the impact of PAN chemistry on atmospheric nitrogen in the Arctic. These measurements show concentrations of PAN that are only slowly varying, even during ozone depletion events at polar sunrise, when free radical photochemistry is relatively active. We used a zerodimensional photochemical model incorporating known gas-phase chemistry to simulate the observed behavior of PAN at Alert, Nunavut, and Summit, Greenland. The model simulations suggest a substantial net production rate for PAN over sunlit surfaces, which is inconsistent with the measured gas-phase concentrations. These observations thus indicate a fundamental problem with our understanding of PAN chemistry in low-temperature, snow-covered environments. We explore the possibility that we are missing an important sink for atmospheric PAN above snow-covered surfaces. If the loss is caused by snowpack deposition, the data result in calculated deposition velocities ranging from 0.05 to 1 cm s À1 , which would represent a significant fraction of the unidentified total nitrate input to the snowpack and glacial ice at Summit, Greenland.

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“…Therefore simultaneous measurements of major components of NO y species, NO x , HNO 3 , and PAN, were extensively performed [ Atlas et al , 1992; Sandholm et al , 1994; Kondo et al , 1996, 1997a; Singh et al , 1998], and the obtained data sets were used for model input for evaluation of the status of the air parcel [e.g., Keim et al , 1999] or assessment of the capability of ozone production [e.g., Schultz et al , 1999]. For global three‐dimensional models these data sets were used to check the validity of the chemical and physical schemes involved in the models [e.g., Jaffe et al , 1997; Hauglustaine et al , 1998]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of a fast measurement system for gas‐phase nitric acid with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer in the marine boundary layer

Furutani

Akimoto

2002

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) and an automated air sampling/background signal measurement system designed for fast, reliable, and continuous ground-based measurement of gas-phase nitric acid (HNO 3 ) were developed and characterized in a remote marine boundary layer site, Rishiri Island Observatory in Japan, under various meteorological conditions. HNO 3 transmission efficiency of air sampling line, interference of NO and NO 2 by corona discharge ion source, time response, detection sensitivity, and detection limit of the system were determined under the ambient condition. Detection limit of the system, defined as 3 times the standard deviation of background signal, varied depending on the atmospheric HNO 3 concentration, 3 -5 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) for the clean condition (HNO 3 < 100 pptv) and 15 -20 pptv for the polluted condition (HNO 3 1 -2 ppbv) with 2-s integration time. The determining factor of HNO 3 transmission efficiency (HNO 3 loss) and critical points for reliable and fast measurement of gas-phase HNO 3 in the marine boundary layer were identified on the basis of field and laboratory tests of the CIMS system.

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A global three‐dimensional chemical transport model: 2. Nitrogen oxides and nonmethane hydrocarbon results

Cited by 27 publications

References 58 publications

Vertical profiles of O₃, aerosols, CO and NMHCs in the Northeast Pacific during the TRACE‐P and ACE‐ASIA experiments

Vertical profiles of O₃, aerosols, CO and NMHCs in the Northeast Pacific during the TRACE‐P and ACE‐ASIA experiments

Peroxyacetyl nitrate photochemistry and interactions with the Arctic surface

Development and characterization of a fast measurement system for gas‐phase nitric acid with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer in the marine boundary layer

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A global three‐dimensional chemical transport model: 2. Nitrogen oxides and nonmethane hydrocarbon results

Cited by 27 publications

References 58 publications

Vertical profiles of O3, aerosols, CO and NMHCs in the Northeast Pacific during the TRACE‐P and ACE‐ASIA experiments

Vertical profiles of O3, aerosols, CO and NMHCs in the Northeast Pacific during the TRACE‐P and ACE‐ASIA experiments

Peroxyacetyl nitrate photochemistry and interactions with the Arctic surface

Development and characterization of a fast measurement system for gas‐phase nitric acid with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer in the marine boundary layer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Vertical profiles of O₃, aerosols, CO and NMHCs in the Northeast Pacific during the TRACE‐P and ACE‐ASIA experiments

Vertical profiles of O₃, aerosols, CO and NMHCs in the Northeast Pacific during the TRACE‐P and ACE‐ASIA experiments