A graphene field-effect transistor as a molecule-specific probe of DNA nucleobases

Dontschuk, Nikolai; Stacey, Alastair; Tadich, Anton; Rietwyk, Kevin J.; Schenk, Alex; Edmonds, Mark T.; Shimoni, Olga; Pakes, C. I.; Prawer, S.; Červenka, Jiří

doi:10.1038/ncomms7563

Cited by 97 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…[22] GFETs were also capable of distinguishing the conductance signature upon adsorption of the four different DNA nucleobases due to the different interface dipole field. [97] The same study concluded that the sensing of single nucleotide with graphene is feasible even without DNA amplification (amplification of DNA showed a detection limit of 50 aM using Rolling Circle Amplification [100] ). Another possibility for graphene-based DNA sensors, [202] is to configure a graphene nanoribbon FET with a nanopore and to probe the subtle differences in the conductance as the negatively charged DNA molecules translocating through the nanopore.…”

Section: Gfet Glucose Dna and Protein Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[12] The broad sensing potential of graphene can only be unlocked by the introduction of sensitizer (bio)molecules and structures, e.g. various inorganic groups, [23][24][25][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] organic or organometallic molecules, [37,[91][92][93][94][95][96] DNAs, [97][98][99][100][101] proteins, [102] peptides, [30,31,103,104] nanoparticles, [105,106,107] and 2D heterostructure. [51,52,61,108] These molecules are able to respond chemically or physically to their nearby environment, whose responses could then be transduced into an appreciable change in the conductivity of the carbon-based honeycomb scaffold.…”

Section: Meeting the Challenges In Chemical Functionalization Of Grapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

et al. 2016

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Abstract. 10Recent research trends now offer new opportunities for developing the next generations of label-free biochemical sensors using graphene and other two-dimensional materials. While the physics of graphene transistors operated in electrolyte is well grounded, important chemical challenges still remain to be addressed, namely the impact of the chemical functionalizations of graphene on the key electrical parameters and the sensing performances. In fact, graphene -at least ideal graphene -is highly chemically inert. The 15 functionalizations and chemical alterations of the graphene surface -both covalently and non-covalently -are crucial steps that define the sensitivity of graphene. The presence, reactivity, adsorption of gas and ions, proteins, DNA, cells and tissues on graphene have been successfully monitored with graphene. This review aims to unify most of the work done so far on biochemical sensing at the surface of a (chemically functionalized) graphene field-effect transistor and the challenges that lie ahead. We are convinced that graphene biochemical sensors 20 hold great promises to meet the ever-increasing demand for sensitivity, especially looking at the recent progresses suggesting that the obstacle of Debye screening can be overcome.2

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Section: Gfet Glucose Dna and Protein Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Meeting the Challenges In Chemical Functionalization Of Grapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

et al. 2016

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“…In particular, atomically thin nanoribbons formed from these materials, as one‐dimensional nanotransistors, are predicted to provide single‐molecule sensitivity. Although nanoribbons are quite similar to nanotubes in morphology, numerous experimental and theoretical results have showed that the conductance of nanoribbons is mostly modulated by surface‐charge‐induced gating, rather than charge scattering, which is inevitable in SWNT devices. For example, planar molecules such as nucleobases or aromatic compounds interact with the surface of nanoribbons via π–π interaction.…”

Section: One‐dimensional Nanotransistors For Single‐molecule Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐Molecule Electrical Detection with Real‐Time Label‐Free Capability and Ultrasensitivity

Jia

Guo

2017

Small Methods

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Single‐molecule detection based on electricity can realize direct, real‐time, and label‐free monitoring of the dynamic processes of either chemical reactions or biological functions at the single‐molecule/single‐event level. This provides a fascinating platform to probe detailed information of chemical and biological reactions, including intermediates/transient states and stochastic processes that are usually hidden in ensemble‐averaged experiments, which is of crucial importance to chemical, biological, and medical sciences. Here, the focus is on a valuable survey of the state‐of‐art progress in single‐molecule dynamics studies that are based on electrical nanocircuits formed from one‐dimensional nanoarchitectures and molecular‐tunneling junctions. Further interesting applications, useful statistical‐analysis methods, and future promising directions toward the study of chemical‐reaction dynamics and biomolecular activities are also discussed.

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“…Ambipolar field effect, high carrier mobility, low intrinsic electrical noise, mechanical strength, and flexibility collectively represent some of the advantages that make graphene a promising material for FET bio-sensing (31). First-generation graphene-based biosensors have been developed to successfully detect bacteria (32), glucose (33), protein (34), pH (35), and DNA (34,36).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Highly specific SNP detection using 2D graphene electronics and DNA strand displacement

Hwang

Landon

Lee

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

117

102

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Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a gene sequence are markers for a variety of human diseases. Detection of SNPs with high specificity and sensitivity is essential for effective practical implementation of personalized medicine. Current DNA sequencing, including SNP detection, primarily uses enzyme-based methods or fluorophore-labeled assays that are time-consuming, need laboratory-scale settings, and are expensive. Previously reported electrical charge-based SNP detectors have insufficient specificity and accuracy, limiting their effectiveness. Here, we demonstrate the use of a DNA strand displacement-based probe on a graphene field effect transistor (FET) for high-specificity, single-nucleotide mismatch detection. The single mismatch was detected by measuring strand displacement-induced resistance (and hence current) change and Dirac point shift in a graphene FET. SNP detection in large double-helix DNA strands (e.g., 47 nt) minimize false-positive results. Our electrical sensor-based SNP detection technology, without labeling and without apparent cross-hybridization artifacts, would allow fast, sensitive, and portable SNP detection with single-nucleotide resolution. The technology will have a wide range of applications in digital and implantable biosensors and high-throughput DNA genotyping, with transformative implications for personalized medicine.NA sequencing has opened new windows of opportunities for diagnosis of genetic disease (1), biological informatics (2), forensics (3), and environmental monitoring (4). Discrimination of a single mismatch in a long DNA strand is of significant importance and is essential to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). SNP is a single-nucleotide mutation in a gene sequence and varies among paired chromosomes, between individuals, and across biological species. SNP mutations can have dramatic influence on the health. They are markers for variety of diseases, including various forms of cancer, genetic disorders (5-7), and are of critical importance for successful practical implementation of the concept of personalized medicine (8). Thus, the development of biosensors detecting SNP mutations with high sensitivity and specificity is essential for effective personalized medicine approaches.Current DNA sequencing, including SNP detection, is achieved primarily by enzyme-based methods, using DNA ligase (9), DNA polymerase (9), and nucleases (10). These methods generate highly accurate genotyping. However, the methods are expensive and time-consuming. One of the common enzyme-free methods to detect SNPs uses hybridization of the target DNA to a probe on a microarray and detects their binding events with fluorescence microscopy/spectroscopy. Hybridization-based methods for SNP detection have several disadvantages, including cross-hybridization between allele-specific probes (11). This limits the detection of a single mismatch in long probe-target hybridization as the longer probes have more frequent cross hybridization. For example, a single mismatch in the center o...

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A graphene field-effect transistor as a molecule-specific probe of DNA nucleobases

Cited by 97 publications

References 56 publications

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

Single‐Molecule Electrical Detection with Real‐Time Label‐Free Capability and Ultrasensitivity

Highly specific SNP detection using 2D graphene electronics and DNA strand displacement

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