Conversion of biomass into nanoparticles for meaningful
biomedical
applications is a formidable proposition with excellent prospects
but fewer patrons. A lack of general methodology for upscaled production
and limited versatility of those nanoparticles are the main drawbacks.
Herein, we report the creation of a DNA nanoparticle (DNA Dots) from
onion genomic DNA (gDNA), a plant biomass source, through controlled
hydrothermal pyrolysis in water without any chemicals. The DNA Dots
are further formulated into a stimuli-responsive hydrogel through
hybridization-mediated self-assembly with untransformed precursor
gDNA. The versatility of the DNA Dots is recognized through its crosslinking
ability with gDNA through its dangling DNA strands on the surface
resulting from incomplete carbonization during annealing without the
need for any external organic, inorganic, or polymeric crosslinkers.
The gDNA–DNA Dots hybrid hydrogel is shown to be an excellent
drug delivery vehicle for sustained release trackable through the
inherent fluorescence of the DNA Dots. Interestingly, the DNA Dots
are photoexcited with normal visible light to generate on-demand reactive
oxygen species, making them exciting candidates for combination therapeutics.
Most importantly, the ease with which the hydrogel is internalized
in fibroblast cells with minimal cytotoxicity should encourage the
nanotization of biomass as a tool for interesting sustainable biomedical
applications.