A graphics processing unit-based robust numerical model for solute transport driven by torrential flow condition

Abstract

Solute transport simulations are important in water pollution events. This paper introduces a finite volume Godunovtype model for solving a 4×4 matrix form of the hyperbolic conservation laws consisting of 2D shallow water equations and transport equations. The model adopts the Harten-Lax-van Leer-contact (HLLC)-approximate Riemann solution to calculate the cell interface fluxes. It can deal well with the changes in the dry and wet interfaces in an actual complex terrain, and it has a strong shock-wave capturing ability. Using monotonic upstream-centred scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL) linear reconstruction with finite slope and the Runge-Kutta time integration method can achieve second-order accuracy. At the same time, the introduction of graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated computing technology greatly increases the computing speed. The model is validated against multiple benchmarks, and the results are in good agreement with analytical solutions and other published numerical predictions. The third test case uses the GPU and central processing unit (CPU) calculation models which take 3.865 s and 13.865 s, respectively, indicating that the GPU calculation model can increase the calculation speed by 3.6 times. In the fourth test case, comparing the numerical model calculated by GPU with the traditional numerical model calculated by CPU, the calculation efficiencies of the numerical model calculated by GPU under different resolution grids are 9.8-44.6 times higher than those by CPU. Therefore, it has better potential than previous models for large-scale simulation of solute transport in water pollution incidents. It can provide a reliable theoretical basis and strong data support in the rapid assessment and early warning of water pollution accidents.

Watershed Models: Review of Approaches, Challenges, and Opportunities

“…Behzadi et al developed a full 2D DWBM, where the overland flow movement and pollutant transport were calculated using the 2D DWBM. Hou et al proposed a full 2D DWBM to simulate pollutant transport processes with the overland flow. This coupling model has been reported in various studies. , Moreover, some researchers coupled the full 2D DWBM with the 1D DWBM to simulate the pollutant transport process in a 1D river. − In HEC-RAS (version 6.4) (), the flood process in 1D rivers is calculated using the 1D hydrodynamic model, whereas the 2D diffusion wave equations (DWEs) or SWEs are applied to the 2D regions.…”

“…Behzadi et al 74 developed a full 2D DWBM, where the overland flow movement and pollutant transport were calculated using the 2D DWBM. Hou et al 75 proposed a full 2D DWBM to simulate pollutant transport processes with the overland flow. This coupling model has been reported in various studies.…”

E-DBCM: A dynamically coupled upland and in-stream water quality model for watershed water quality simulation

“…The coupling of UWSM and 2D DWBM, also called vertical coupling model (VCM), is usually used for 2D flooding and pollutant simulations (Kong et al, 2013;Li et al, 2018;Hou et al, 2021). In this coupling type, only the runoff generation and pollutant load are computed by a UWSM, while the surface flow movement, flood-inundation and pollutant transport process are simulated by the 2D DWBM.…”