“…Previously, Liu and Schrack [27,28] presented efficient encoding and decoding algorithms to map 2-D/3-D images to Hilbert curves. Based on the Hilbert curve representation, many applications [3,4,6,8,10,18,[23][24][25]35,36,39,43,11,9,15,5,29] have been developed. These Hilbert curvebased applications all suffer from the common constraint that the given image must be of size 2 r · 2 r .…”