A greenness evaluation and environmental aspects of solidified floating organic drop microextraction for metals: A review

Hussein, Asim Ridha; Gburi, Muna Shakir; Muslim, Nadia Mahdi; Azooz, Ebaa Adnan

doi:10.1016/j.teac.2022.e00194

Cited by 40 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…This value is comparable to other microextraction methods. A procedure is considered green if its total score is greater than 0.6 [ 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in the Chromium(VI)-Diphenylcarbazide Determination Using Cloud Point Microextraction; Speciation of Chromium at Low Levels in Water Samples

Mouco-Novegil,

Hernández-Córdoba,

López-García

2023

Molecules

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A reliable, rapid, and low-cost procedure for determining very low concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr) in water is discussed. The procedure is based in the classical reaction of Cr6+ with diphenylcarbazide. Once this reaction has taken place, sodium dodecylsulfate is added to obtain an ion-pair, and Triton X-114 is incorporated. Next, the heating of the mixture allows two phases that can be separated by centrifugation to be obtained in a cloud point microextraction (CPE) process. The coacervate contains all the Cr6+ originally present in the water sample, so that the measurement by molecular absorption spectrophotometry allows the concentration of the metal to be calculated. No harmful organic solvents are required. The discrimination of hexavalent and trivalent forms is achieved by including an oxidation stage with Ce4+. To take full advantage of the pre-concentration effect inherent to the coacervation process, as well as to minimize reagent consumption and waste generation, a portable mini-spectrophotometer which is compatible with microvolumes of liquid samples is used. The preconcentration factor is 415 and a chromium concentration as low as 0.02 µg L−1 can be detected. The procedure shows a good reproducibility (relative standard deviation close to 3%).

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“…This value is comparable to other microextraction methods. A procedure is considered green if its total score is greater than 0.6 [ 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in the Chromium(VI)-Diphenylcarbazide Determination Using Cloud Point Microextraction; Speciation of Chromium at Low Levels in Water Samples

Mouco-Novegil,

Hernández-Córdoba,

López-García

2023

Molecules

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“…pH is one of the important parameters necessary for quantification because it affects complex development and stability [23, 24]. pH affects analyte solubility and the stability of the solidified droplets.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Performance Of Sfodmementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent overview of microextraction of metal ions and pharmaceuticals by solidified floating organic drop microextraction techniques

Kumar,

Satapathy,

Kurmi

et al. 2024

Separation Science Plus

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This work presents a comprehensive overview of solidified floating organic drop microextraction, with a particular emphasis on its applications in the analysis of heavy metal ions and different pharmaceutical compounds by sample pretreatment, complexation, and their identification by various analytical techniques. Here, we discussed basic principles, procedures, applications of the technique, and effects of different variables like pH, temperature, stirring rate, extraction time, salts addition, extraction solvent and extraction volume, centrifugation speed, and, vortex time on preconcentration. In brief, the review summarises the various modes of solidified floating organic drop microextraction such as dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction, ultrasound‐assisted, air‐assisted liquid‐liquid microextraction, and vortex‐assisted solidified floating organic drop microextraction. this review covers the methods combined with analytical techniques such as inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. among these, the incorporation of ultrasonic, vortex, and air agitation improves the dispersion mechanism. The coupling of solidified floating organic drop microextraction with other techniques enhances the selectivity and efficiency of the preconcentration procedure. This review provides a potential overview of the fundamental principles, advancements in various modes, influencing factors, and applications of solidified floating organic drop microextraction, showing its potential for advancements in sample preparation and analytical methodologies across various domains.

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“…In this work, a set of microfluidic technology platforms was built based on the self-designed microdroplet chip, while the process of preparing monodisperse droplets was explored and optimized, and the microdroplet preparation was carried out based on the optimized process conditions, realizing the process of preparing monodisperse droplets on the suspension system of micrometer particles with precise control of the microdroplet chip. It was found that the preparation of monodisperse droplets does not necessarily lead to stable access to monodisperse microspheres, and due to the low surface energy of micron particles and the low content of binder F 2604 attached to the surface of the particles, the microdroplets are prone to fusion, adhesion, and rupture during the curing process, resulting in a poor distribution of microsphere morphology and a large span of particle size distribution. , In this chapter, the monodisperse droplet preparation process for microdroplet chips was investigated to solve the problem of difficult uniform dispersion of μ-HMX particles during serialization encapsulation, and the morphology, composition, bulk density, thermodynamic parameters, mechanical susceptibility, and combustion performance parameters of the sample microspheres were studied. This technology provides an efficient and high-quality preparation method for spherical capping of micron-sized explosive particles, and the overall process avoids the refinishing of high-quality μ-HMX particles, improves the safety of micron-sized explosive particles in the process of application, and significantly reduces the cost of the spherical capping process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of μ-HMX/C-Based Composite Energy Composite Microspheres by Microdroplet Technology

Zhang,

Lin,

Guo

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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A greenness evaluation and environmental aspects of solidified floating organic drop microextraction for metals: A review

Cited by 40 publications

References 89 publications

Improvement in the Chromium(VI)-Diphenylcarbazide Determination Using Cloud Point Microextraction; Speciation of Chromium at Low Levels in Water Samples

Improvement in the Chromium(VI)-Diphenylcarbazide Determination Using Cloud Point Microextraction; Speciation of Chromium at Low Levels in Water Samples

Recent overview of microextraction of metal ions and pharmaceuticals by solidified floating organic drop microextraction techniques

Preparation of μ-HMX/C-Based Composite Energy Composite Microspheres by Microdroplet Technology

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