“…152,153 To date, researchers have developed a variety of HMNM-based electrochemical, FL and colorimetric biosensors to detect disease-related protein markers, such as tumor, hepatic, cardiac, inflammatory markers, and others (Table 2). 24,30,35,36,46,47,49–52,64,65,81,84,85,88,89,98,101–103,107–110,114,122,154–178…”