A hardware-in-the-loop co-simulation for the energy internet based on SDH network

Flexible hardware‐in‐the‐loop testbed for cyber physical power system simulation

“…Thus, high efficiency and real‐time HIL simulation interface are required with the function of packet converting from the real communication packet to the virtual packet. The existing HIL interface may be classified into three types [21]. High‐level architecture (HLA) interface, which runs in the federal architecture through run time infrastructure.…”

“… High‐level architecture (HLA) interface, which runs in the federal architecture through run time infrastructure. Although HLA became an IEEE standard [21, 22], it also has some shortages, such as not fit for some time critical simulation (millisecond time scale). System‐in‐the‐loop (SITL) interface, which provides an interface between the physical hardware and virtual network. Via the interface, Ethernet packets can be transmitted into the virtual network, and it combines real‐life network and virtual network as a whole [21–23].…”

“…Although HLA became an IEEE standard [21, 22], it also has some shortages, such as not fit for some time critical simulation (millisecond time scale). System‐in‐the‐loop (SITL) interface, which provides an interface between the physical hardware and virtual network. Via the interface, Ethernet packets can be transmitted into the virtual network, and it combines real‐life network and virtual network as a whole [21–23]. However, the SITL interface can only connect to Ethernet. Self‐defined interface, which is developed to allow external hardware to access the virtual network [21, 22].…”

“…Via the interface, Ethernet packets can be transmitted into the virtual network, and it combines real‐life network and virtual network as a whole [21–23]. However, the SITL interface can only connect to Ethernet. Self‐defined interface, which is developed to allow external hardware to access the virtual network [21, 22]. Compared with the two interfaces above, the self‐defined interface is much more flexible but needs a lot of additional coding work [21].…”

“…9. The bit error ratio (BER) in the SDH backbone ring is assumed at 1 × 10 −11 , and three communication states in link S are simulated [21] (a) Link S in a normal state, the BER is 7 × 10 −5 . (b) In link S, if there is a communication event happening at 0 s, where the link attenuation increased, the BER increases to 7 × 10 −4 . (c) In link S, if there is a serious communication event happening at 0 s, the BER increases to 1.56 × 10 −3 [24]. …”