A heater made from graphite composite material for potential deicingapplication

Abstract

A s u r f a c e heater was developed using a g r a p h i t e fiber-epoxy composite as t h e h e a t i n g element. This heater can be thin, h i g h l y e l e c t r i c a l l y and t h e r m a l l y conductive, and can conform t o i r r e g u l a r surface. e l e c t r i c i t y was found t o penetrate through t h e composite i n t h e transverse d i r e c t i o n t o make an acceptably low foil-composite contact r e s i s t a n c e . When conductlng c u r r e n t , t h e heater temperature increase reached 50 percent o f t h e steady s t a t e value w i t h i n 20 sec.heater provided t h e r e was no water corrosion. Such bonding f a i l u r e may be avoided if p e r f o r a t e d n i c k e l f o i l i s used, so t h a t t h e composlte p l l e s can bond t o each other through t h e p e r f o r a t e d 'holes and t h e r e f o r e M1ockll t h e f o i l i n place.There was no overheating a t t h e ends o f t h e

A review on ice detection technology and ice elimination technology for wind turbine

“…For conventional thermal anti‐icing system (hot air system), there is a great limit to the temperature of the hot air because of the temperature sensitivity of the blade polymer material . In order to solve such problems, Hung et al developed a surface heating technique for polymeric materials …”

“…52 In order to solve such problems, Hung et al developed a surface heating technique for polymeric materials. 93 Disadvantages: there are some disadvantages that the electric anti-icing technology places a thermal pad and a foil on the surface of the blade, which changes the aerodynamic ability of the blade and reduces the performance of the blade. The installed composite metal and carbon fiber components also absorb light and affect the blade surface.…”

Development and evaluation of a novel integrated anti-icing/de-icing technology for carbon fibre composite aerostructures using an electro-conductive textile

“…It is integrated within the outer surface of the carbon-fibre laminate to provide two primary advantages. The first is that the power requirements, to reach a desired surface temperature, are less than if the electro-conductive heating element is embedded deeper within the carbon-fibre composite laminate since these laminates tend to have low transverse thermal conductivities [9]. This makes possible its use as a deicing system, which typically requires more power than for anti-icing (the power requirements for this system are investigated later in the paper).…”

“…The use of glass fibre plies for electrical insulation has been successfully tested with other electro-thermal schemes [7,9] and so was investigated here. Specimens (150 mm x 300 mm)…”

“…As the aerospace industry moves towards the increased use of carbon-fibre composite material in primary aerostructures, the use of metal foils presents particular challenges in ensuring a durable bond. Hung et al [9] investigated the use of a brominated conductive graphite fibre-epoxy unidirectional ply between non-conductive glass fibre laminates, Bernthisel and Biller [10] used an expanded graphite foil between insulating polymer sheets and Nino et al [7] used a layer of glass fibre fabric embedded with continuous metal fibres between glass fibre laminates. Zhao et al [11] have also explored the use of a multiwalled carbon nanotube sheet, functionalised with silver, as the thermal element bonded onto a Kevlar substructure through a vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding process.…”