A s u r f a c e heater was developed using a g r a p h i t e fiber-epoxy composite as t h e h e a t i n g element. This heater can be thin, h i g h l y e l e c t r i c a l l y and t h e r m a l l y conductive, and can conform t o i r r e g u l a r surface. e l e c t r i c i t y was found t o penetrate through t h e composite i n t h e transverse d i r e c t i o n t o make an acceptably low foil-composite contact r e s i s t a n c e . When conductlng c u r r e n t , t h e heater temperature increase reached 50 percent o f t h e steady s t a t e value w i t h i n 20 sec.heater provided t h e r e was no water corrosion. Such bonding f a i l u r e may be avoided if p e r f o r a t e d n i c k e l f o i l i s used, so t h a t t h e composlte p l l e s can bond t o each other through t h e p e r f o r a t e d 'holes and t h e r e f o r e M1ockll t h e f o i l i n place.There was no overheating a t t h e ends o f t h e

and Michael E. D i l l e h a y and Mark S t a h l Cleveland S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y Cleveland, Ohio 44115 SUMMARY A s u r f a c e heater was developed using a g r a p h i t e fiber-epoxy composite as t h e h e a t i n g element. This heater can be thin, h i g h l y e l e c t r i c a l l y and t h e r m a l l y conductive, and can conform t o i r r e g u l a r surface. e l e c t r i c i t y was found t o penetrate through t h e composite i n t h e transverse d i r e c t i o n t o make an acceptably low foil-composite contact r e s i s t a n c e . When conductlng c u r r e n t , t h e heater temperature increase reached 50 percent o f t h e steady s t a t e value w i t h i n 20 sec.heater provided t h e r e was no water corrosion. Such bonding f a i l u r e may be avoided if p e r f o r a t e d n i c k e l f o i l i s used, so t h a t t h e composlte p l l e s can bond t o each other through t h e p e r f o r a t e d 'holes and t h e r e f o r e M1ockll t h e f o i l i n place.There was no overheating a t t h e ends o f t h e

Preliminary procedures have been developed for the ball milling of pristine and brominated P-100 graphite fibers. Because of the lubricative properties of graphite, large ball loads (50% by volume) are required. Use of 2-propanol as a milling medium enhances the efficiency of the process. The fibers, when allowed to settle from the milling medium, tend to be preferentially aligned with rather few fibers standing up. Milled, brominated P-100 fibers have resistivities that are indistinguishable from their pristine counterparts, apparently because of loss of bromine. This suggests that bromine would not be the intercalate of choice in applications where milled fibers of this type are required. It was found that brominated graphite fibers are stable in a wide variety of organic solvents.

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