A Hierarchical Janus Nanofibrous Membrane Combining Direct Osteogenesis and Osteoimmunomodulatory Functions for Advanced Bone Regeneration

Abstract

An ideal guided bone regeneration membrane (GBRM) is expected not only to perform barrier function, but also to enhance osteogenesis and resist bacteria infection. However, currently available membranes have limited bioactivities. To address this challenge, a Janus GBRM (JGM) is designed and fabricated by sequential fractional electrospinning here. The random gelatin fibers loaded with hydroxyapatite (HAP) are designed as the inner face to promote the osteoblasts’ adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, meanwhile the aligned poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers loaded with poly(methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride‐co‐2‐Aminoethyl 2‐methylacrylate hydrochloride) (P(DMC‐AMA)) are designed as the outer layer to resist epithelia invasion and bacterial infection. In vitro assays reveal that the inner face displays enhanced osteogenic effects, meanwhile the outer surface can regulate the epithelia to spread along the aligned direction and kill the contacted bacteria. Interestingly, the outer face can induce macrophages to polarize toward the M2 phenotype, thus manipulating a favorable osteoimmune environment. These results suggest that the JGM simultaneously meets the critical requirements of barrier, osteogenic, antibacterial, and osteoimmunomodulatory functions. Consequently, the JGM shows better in vivo bone tissue regeneration performance than the commercial Bio‐Gide membrane. This work provides a novel platform to design multi‐functional membranes/scaffolds, displaying great potential applications in tissue engineering.

Polysaccharide-Based Aerogel Production for Biomedical Applications: A Comparative Review

“…Traditional treatments mainly include autograft, allograft bone transplantation, prostheses, and artificial bone replacement [ 82 , 83 ]. However, all these methods suffer from some limitations, such as short duration, immune rejection, low biocompatibility, and poor mechanical properties [ 84 ]. Therefore, TE has become a promising alternative in bone-related medicine ( Figure 5 ).…”

Fibers by Electrospinning and Their Emerging Applications in Bone Tissue Engineering

“…[ [44][45][46] Layer-by-layer hydrospinning Fabricating scaffolds with polymeric fiber layers. [47,48] 3D electrospinning Fabricating controlled specific 3D architecture.…”

“…Although the temperature of jets affects the surface of scaffolds, the electrospinning method to control mesh architecture and composition could also establish a specific ECM for scaffolds. Wang et al [45] designed multifunctional scaffolds by controlling the speed of electrospinning solution during co-spinning progress (Figure 3). They set PCL as the outer face to provide mechanical strength and gelatin loaded with hydroxyapatite (HAP) as the inner face to provide cell affinity and osteoconductivity.…”

Characterization and in vitro assessment of three-dimensional extrusion Mg-Sr codoped SiO2-complexed porous microhydroxyapatite whisker scaffolds for biomedical engineering

“…HA is a weak bioceramic, so it cannot be used alone as the main load-bearing bone substitute in the human body. A high compressive strength can effectively support the surrounding tissues to prevent collapse [ 38 ], and the appropriate compressive strength can be adapted to the strength of natural bone. The compressive strengths of SHA, SMHA, SSHA, and SMSHA were 1.72 ± 0.29 MPa, 2.47 ± 0.25 MPa, 1.87 ± 0.52 MPa, and 2.04 ± 0.35 MPa, respectively (Fig.…”