A hierarchical porous P-doped carbon electrode through hydrothermal carbonization of pomelo valves for high-performance supercapacitors

Abstract

<p>Porous carbon materials are synthesized from pomelo valves by the hydrothermal activation of H₃PO₄ followed by simple carbonization.</p>

A high energy flexible symmetric supercapacitor fabricated using N-doped activated carbon derived from palm flowers

“…The peaks at 1080 and 677 cm −1 are ascribed to C–N/C–O and out-of-plane C–H/N–H stretching vibration, respectively. 16,19 It is noteworthy that the relative intensity of the peak at 3426 cm −1 in the NAC-0 sample is reduced significantly compared to those of NAC-2 and NAC-4 samples, which clearly indicates less amount of nitrogen present in the sample. Thermogravimetric analyses of activated carbons under an air atmosphere are shown in Fig.…”

“…In addition, the surface modification of carbon materials by hetero atom substitution will greatly affect the physical and chemical properties of the resulting materials. Doping hetero atom 'X' (X= B, N, O, S, F) in carbon matrix can introduce C-X polar bond and improve the wettability of carbon surface [3,[14][15][16][17][18]. Improvement of wettability in turn enhances the conductivity of carbon material and also the contact between electrode and electrolyte.…”

A hierarchical integrated 3D carbon electrode derived from gingko leaves via hydrothermal carbonization of H3PO4 for high-performance supercapacitors

“…The maximum energy density can reach up to 70.78 W h kg −1 at a power density of 1.2 kW kg −1 , and a high energy density of 62.22 W h kg −1 can still be reached even at an ultrahigh output power density of 24 kW kg −1 , which is considerably higher than those of commercially activated carbon-based supercapacitors (3-5 W h kg −1 ) and other previously reported biomass-derived heteroatomdoped carbonaceous symmetric supercapacitors. [71][72][73] It is well known that the energy density is suppressed with the increase of current density since the limited pores on the surface are accessed by electrolyte ions for fast discharging at high current density, whereas almost all pores could be utilized at a low current density. Such superior energy/power characteristics can be ascribed to the optimized stacked architecture and tunable pore conguration of electrode materials as well as the enhancement of the transmission of K + and OH − ions inside the material.…”

Simple fabrication of a phosphorus‐doped hierarchical porous carbon via soft‐template method for efficient CO2capture

“…Microporous carbons, hierarchical porous carbons, and porous carbon spheres and nanosheets are widely applied in applications such as energy storage, adsorption, catalysis or catalyst support, and CO 2 capture 17 . Because hierarchical porous carbon materials has large accessible space, low density, excellent response to volume and thermal changes, variable chemical composition, and well‐controlled layered porosity on different length scales, it has been used in recent years as an important functional material in catalysis, adsorption, and energy conversion/storage 18,19 . The doping of heteroatoms in carbon materials has attracted much attention because they can change the electrical and physicochemical properties of carbon 20 .…”

“…chemical composition, and well-controlled layered porosity on different length scales, it has been used in recent years as an important functional material in catalysis, adsorption, and energy conversion/ storage. 18,19 The doping of heteroatoms in carbon materials has attracted much attention because they can change the electrical and physicochemical properties of carbon. 20 Heteroatom-doped porous carbons have been extensively applied in adsorption/separation, organic catalysis, sensing, and energy conversion/storage applications.…”