China has striven to improve its healthcare system by continuously reforming its health system and improving the quality of medical care (X. L. Li & Fu, 2017). Consequently, during the past decade, the overall public health of the Chinese population has improved significantly, with more than 95% of its citizens covered by the health insurance system. In addition, people are living longer because of access to more affordable and higher-quality healthcare services. However, despite these laudable achievements, distance and time are also important barriers hindering people's access to healthcare services (Song et al., 2022). People face long travel times to healthcare facilities when they are sick and seeking healthcare (Weiss et al., 2020). China is a vast country characterized by considerable regional differences. In general, rural and remote China are disadvantaged in the allocation of healthcare resources because of their underdeveloped economies and unfavorable geographic locations (C. Yang et al., 2022;Yip et al., 2019). However, the cost of healthcare facilities can also be heavy in densely populated cities as some areas lack sufficient health infrastructure, creating challenges for better healthy living across communities (