A high-efficiency klystron with distributed interaction

Chodorow, M.; Wessel‐Berg, Tore

doi:10.1109/t-ed.1961.14708

Cited by 145 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Through calculating maximum bunching current with different gap number and perveance for 2π mode, the bunching efficiency in the multi-gap coupled cavity is discussed.Extended-interaction klystron (EIK) has the advantages of traditional klystron's high reliability and high output power and can achieve a large power, wide frequency bandwidth and high gain in the high-frequency range by adopting the multigap coupled cavity.Based on space-charge theory, Chodorow and Wessel-Berg discussed the mechanism of the beam-wave synchronization and coupling in the multi-gap coupled cavity chain with extended interaction fields [1]. They found that the experimental performances accord well with the theoretical ones.…”

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confidence: 85%

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Space-charge wave bunching in the multi-gap coupled cavity

Cui

Sun

Zhi

2014

2014 Tenth International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC)

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Based on space-charge wave theory, the analytical expression of the beam-wave maximum bunching current in the multi-gap coupled cavity is derived. Through calculating maximum bunching current with different gap number and perveance for 2π mode, the bunching efficiency in the multi-gap coupled cavity is discussed.Extended-interaction klystron (EIK) has the advantages of traditional klystron's high reliability and high output power and can achieve a large power, wide frequency bandwidth and high gain in the high-frequency range by adopting the multigap coupled cavity.Based on space-charge theory, Chodorow and Wessel-Berg discussed the mechanism of the beam-wave synchronization and coupling in the multi-gap coupled cavity chain with extended interaction fields [1]. They found that the experimental performances accord well with the theoretical ones. However, their results were obtained based on a one-dimensional grid gap, and the effects of the space-charge parameter on the beam-wave interaction in the multi-gap coupled cavity chain were neglected. In this paper, according to space-charge wave theory, starting from Maxwell's equations, the normalized bunching current in the multi-gap coupled cavity can be written as:Where E c (ξ) is the axial electric filed intensity at a distance z, V 0 and I 0 are direct beam voltage and direct beam current, β q and β e are reduced plasma propagation constant and electron propagation constant, V n is the voltage on the n-th gap, l n, N is the distance between n-th gap and N-th gap, M n (β e -β q ) and M n (β e +β q ) are respectively the coupling coefficient for the fast and slow space-charge wave [2].Based on the equation (1), the normalized bunching current in the multi-gap coupled cavity can be calculated with the drift distance x. The velocity modulation occurs in the gap; the density modulation occurs mainly in the subsequent drift process and forms a maximum bunching current at a particular position. The bunching current can be recognized by the interference between the fast space-charge wave and the slow Figure 1. |i/I 0 |max vs. beam voltage (a) Per=0.5µp (b) Per=0.5µpspace-charge wave. Fig. 1 shows the curves of the normalized maximum bunching current |i/ I 0 | max versus the beam voltage with different gap number for 2π mode, where α is the modulation index of the gap voltage.When perveance is 0.5µp, the |i/I 0 | max moderately raises monotonically with the beam voltage at less gap number. With the increased gap number N, the normalized maximum bunching current |i/I 0 | max varies with beam voltage more rapidly and there is a maximum value at large N gap number. The magnitudes of these extremums enhance with the increased gap number N, and the corresponding voltage is close to the synchronization voltage 20 kV. Because the M n (β e -β q ) and M n (β e +β q ) are approximately equal with less gap number or β q <<β e , the maximum bunching current occurs at the synchronization voltage of coupling coefficient.When the perveance is 1.0µp, the force of space charge enhances wi...

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mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Based on space-charge theory, Chodorow and Wessel-Berg discussed the mechanism of the beam-wave synchronization and coupling in the multi-gap coupled cavity chain with extended interaction fields [1]. They found that the experimental performances accord well with the theoretical ones.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Space-charge wave bunching in the multi-gap coupled cavity

Cui

Sun

Zhi

2014

2014 Tenth International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC)

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“…The output circuit of the WBIOT consists of a resonated length of ring-bar slow wave circuit [2]. By maintaining synchronism between the electron beam and the forward component of the resulting standing wave, the interaction region can be made as long as necessary to provide the required R/Q.…”

Section: Wbiot Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wideband inductive output tube

Kowalczyk

Kirshner

Walz

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)

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Electron Devices Division (EDD) has developed an inductive output tube (IOT) with large instantaneous bandwidth for radar and communications applications. As in conventional IOTs, this wideband IOT (WBIOT) provides high efficiency, good linearity, and compact size through emission-gated modulation of the electron beam at the cathode surface. Increases in gain, bandwidth, and duty factor will be discussed through test results and simulation.

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“…[1][2][3][4] The extended interaction klystron (EIK) is one device that is important amongst the various categories of VEDs because it improves the power capacity and reduces the risk of breakdown in the microwave and millimeter wave regimes. [5][6][7] The EIK usually comprises series of multi-gap cavities, which distribute the intense electric field into adjacent gaps and enhance the circuit impedance. 8 As a reliable and portable device, the EIK has attracted considerable attention in the terahertz frequency range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of matching conditions and optimum structure of an input coupler for a 0.34-THz extended-interaction klystron

Wang

2017

AIP Advances

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To develop a reliable and stable EIK at 0.34 THz, an analysis of the input circuit is presented and some aspects regarding the practicalities of the device are specifically discussed. The structure of the coupler is first optimized to improve the driving signal injection. The effects of gap voltage on the beam-wave interaction are studied, leading to the evaluation of the driving power needed. By analyzing the currently available seed sources and the possibility of electrical breakdown, proper input conditions are established. Finally, an optimized input circuit is shown to match well the simulation results obtained by using the particle-in-cell (PIC) method. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimized device can operate stably with a gain of 28.8 dB when the input power is matched at 7.9 mW.

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A high-efficiency klystron with distributed interaction

Cited by 145 publications

References 2 publications

Space-charge wave bunching in the multi-gap coupled cavity

Space-charge wave bunching in the multi-gap coupled cavity

The wideband inductive output tube

Numerical study of matching conditions and optimum structure of an input coupler for a 0.34-THz extended-interaction klystron

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