A High-Efficiency Wideband Frequency-Reconfigurable Water Antenna With a Liquid Control System: Usage for VHF and UHF Applications

Xing, Lei; Xu, Qian; Zhu, Jiajia; Zhao, Yongjiu; Alja’afreh, Saqer S.; Song, Chaoyun; Huang, Yi

doi:10.1109/map.2019.2946556

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This system is compact, low power consumption, cost effective, and light weight to avoid its effect on the CDRA radiation characteristics. A similar working control system is discussed in Reference 25. Four different polarization cases are radiated without changing the CDRA structure shown in Figure 6B.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different designs of DRA antenna based on liquid flow are investigated in the literature. A distilled water is used in designing DRA with wide frequency tuning range from 168 to 474 MHz was investigated in Reference 25. In Reference 26, CP DRA with reconfigurable liquid flow is designed using 3D printing technology to obtain dual‐band operation using a single feed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetric liquid flow control polarization reconfigurable cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wireless communications

Malhat

Zainud-Deen

2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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This paper introduces a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) with three reconfigurable polarization cases using liquid flow control. The CDRA volume has two pairs of drilling cylindrical holes with unsymmetrical radii and positions from the CDRA center along the two orthogonal diagonals. The liquid is flowing alternately in one‐cylindrical hole pair and is extracted from the other for polarization control. The two hole pairs radii and locations are optimized for minimum axial ratio (AR) of 1.5 dB at 5.8 GHz. Four polarization cases are achieved for left‐hand circular (LHCP), right‐hand circular (RHCP), and linear polarization (LP). The insertion of air holes pair in case (A) and case (B) widens the bandwidth (BW) to 1.28 GHz with high gain of 6.6 dBi in θ = 0, ϕ = 0 direction. The sequential rotation array arrangements are employed for circular polarization BW enhancement. Three arrangements are investigated. To improve the AR BW arrangement (III) introduces an improvement of 2 GHz compared with 60 MHz for the single CDRA element with a peak gain of 13.3 dBi.

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Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric liquid flow control polarization reconfigurable cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wireless communications

Malhat

Zainud-Deen

2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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“…They are suitable for a DRA or a hybrid antenna formed by a metal antenna loaded with the liquid (mainly to increase the bandwidth and reduce the antenna size), In addition to the flexibility and reconfigurability, they offer other benefits which metallic liquid antennas do not have, such as: a) cost-effective, eco-friendly and readily accessible (hence the myriad of antennas in this category); b) compact size because the antenna size could be reduced by a factor of √ ; c) a small radar cross section (RCS) if the liquid is drained when not in operation; d) transparency -this is attractive for the application that the antenna should be invisible or not obvious. Two types of water-based liquid antennas have been investigated: saline water antennas [12,14,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] and pure water antennas [15][16][17][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] which are discussed in the coming two sub-sections.…”

Section: Water-based Liquid Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Antennas: Past, Present and Future

Huang

Xing

Song

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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The liquid antenna, as a new member of the antenna family, has drawn significant and increasing attention from both academia and industry due to its unique features. In this paper, a comprehensive review on this technology is presented which covers both metallic and non-metallic liquid antennas. Non-metallic liquid antennas are further divided into water-based and non-water-based liquid antennas. We first review and compare different liquid antennas and highlight the major developments in the past. Detailed discussions on state-of-the-art designs and current technical challenges are then presented, and finally the ways forward for the future are suggested. As a special feature, an in-depth review and discussion on materials for liquid antennas are provided which was not well covered in the literature in the past, important properties of selected materials are given in three comparison tables which can serve as antenna material selection references. It is shown that Galinstan is probably the best choice for metallic liquid antennas while ionic liquid materials are the preferred choice for dielectric liquid antennas. The challenges of making the liquid antenna for real-world applications are identified and discussed. It is believed that a liquid antenna implemented in radio systems is probably just around the corner.

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“…Measurement results showed that this antennas can achieve a CP reconfigurability in dual band 1.55-1.72 GHz and 2.29-2.52 GHz with wide bandwidths of 10.4% and 9.7%, respectively. In Reference [66], another compartment geometry was proposed to for a wide-band frequency reconfigurable antenna based on pure water. A bow-tie feeding slot is loaded with a central square acrylic container which is surrounded by another eight square acrylic containers.…”

Section: Antenna Geometry Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Reconfigurable Liquid Dielectric Antennas

Motovilova

Huang

2020

Materials

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The advancements in wireless communication impose a growing range of demands on the antennas performance, requiring multiple functionalities to be present in a single device. To satisfy these different application needs within a limited space, reconfigurable antennas are often used which are able to switch between a number of states, providing multiple functions using a single antenna. Electronic switching components, such as PIN diodes, radio-frequency micromechanical systems (RF-MEMS), and varactors, are typically used to achieve antenna reconfiguration. However, some of these approaches have certain limitations, such as narrow bandwidth, complex biasing circuitry, and high activation voltages. In recent years, an alternative approach using liquid dielectric materials for antenna reconfiguration has drawn significant attention. The intrinsic conformability of liquid dielectric materials allows us to realize antennas with desired reconfigurations with different physical constraints while maintaining high radiation efficiency. The purpose of this review is to summarize different approaches proposed in the literature for the liquid dielectric reconfigurable antennas. It facilitates the understanding of the advantages and limitations of this technology, and it helps to draw general design principals for the development of reconfigurable antennas in this category.

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A High-Efficiency Wideband Frequency-Reconfigurable Water Antenna With a Liquid Control System: Usage for VHF and UHF Applications

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Asymmetric liquid flow control polarization reconfigurable cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wireless communications

Asymmetric liquid flow control polarization reconfigurable cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wireless communications

Liquid Antennas: Past, Present and Future

A Review on Reconfigurable Liquid Dielectric Antennas

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