A High Energy Density Lithium/Dichloroisocyanuric Acid Battery System

Williams, D. L.; Byrne, J.; Driscoll, John S.

doi:10.1149/1.2411755

Cited by 212 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[82] Although the discharge process of DCA is irreversible, it provided a new research approach for exploring electrode materials for lithium batteries. [82] Although the discharge process of DCA is irreversible, it provided a new research approach for exploring electrode materials for lithium batteries.…”

Section: Historical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries

2017

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Organic carbonyl electrode materials that have the advantages of high capacity, low cost and being environmentally friendly, are regarded as powerful candidates for next-generation stationary and redox flow rechargeable batteries (RFBs). However, low carbonyl utilization, poor electronic conductivity and undesired dissolution in electrolyte are urgent issues to be solved. Here, we summarize a molecular engineering approach for tuning the capacity, working potential, concentration of active species, kinetics, and stability of stationary and redox flow batteries, which well resolves the problems of organic carbonyl electrode materials. As an example, in stationary batteries, 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) with two carbonyls delivers a capacity of 257 mAh g (2.27 V vs Li /Li), while increasing the number of carbonyls to four with the formation of 5,7,12,14-pentacenetetrone results in a higher capacity of 317 mAh g (2.60 V vs Li /Li). In RFBs, AQ, which is less soluble in aqueous electrolyte, reaches 1 M by grafting -SO H with the formation of 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulphonic acid, resulting in a power density exceeding 0.6 W cm with long cycling life. Therefore, through regulating substituent groups, conjugated structures, Coulomb interactions, and the molecular weight, the electrochemical performance of carbonyl electrode materials can be rationally optimized. This review offers fundamental principles and insight into designing advanced carbonyl materials for the electrodes of next-generation rechargeable batteries.

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Section: Historical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries

2017

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“…Their standard electrode materials are, however, mostly made of inorganic lithium transition-metal oxides or phosphates (e.g., LiFePO 4 , LiMn 2 O 4, LiCoO 2 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ). [5] However, their limited performances (at that time) compared to inorganic electrodes materials have restricted their popularity until they recently reemerged. Moreover, their preparation and extraction require stringent conditions with high energy consumption and heavy anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which gives LIBs a poor environmental performance in a life-cycle perspective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally‐Friendly Lithium Recycling From a Spent Organic Li‐Ion Battery

2014

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A simple and straightforward method using non-polluting solvents and a single thermal treatment step at moderate temperature was investigated as an environmentally-friendly process to recycle lithium from organic electrode materials for secondary lithium batteries. This method, highly dependent on the choice of electrolyte, gives up to 99% of sustained capacity for the recycled materials used in a second life-cycle battery when compared with the original. The best results were obtained using a dimethyl carbonate/lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide electrolyte that does not decompose in presence of water. The process implies a thermal decomposition step at a moderate temperature of the extracted organic material into lithium carbonate, which is then used as a lithiation agent for the preparation of fresh electrode material without loss of lithium.

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“…For example, the tri-carbonyl-based material, dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCA) (Fig. 1b), was found to be irreversible due to the formation of inactive precipitates31. Therefore, it is highly desirable to stabilize the organic radical intermediates generated during charge and discharge to improve the reversibility of the organic electrodes for energy storage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly durable organic electrode for sodium-ion batteries via a stabilized α-C radical intermediate

et al. 2016

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It is a challenge to prepare organic electrodes for sodium-ion batteries with long cycle life and high capacity. The highly reactive radical intermediates generated during the sodiation/desodiation process could be a critical issue because of undesired side reactions. Here we present durable electrodes with a stabilized α-C radical intermediate. Through the resonance effect as well as steric effects, the excessive reactivity of the unpaired electron is successfully suppressed, thus developing an electrode with stable cycling for over 2,000 cycles with 96.8% capacity retention. In addition, the α-radical demonstrates reversible transformation between three states: C=C; α-C·radical; and α-C− anion. Such transformation provides additional Na+ storage equal to more than 0.83 Na+ insertion per α-C radical for the electrodes. The strategy of intermediate radical stabilization could be enlightening in the design of organic electrodes with enhanced cycling life and energy storage capability.

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A High Energy Density Lithium/Dichloroisocyanuric Acid Battery System

Cited by 212 publications

References 2 publications

Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries

Molecular Engineering with Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials for Advanced Stationary and Redox Flow Rechargeable Batteries

Environmentally‐Friendly Lithium Recycling From a Spent Organic Li‐Ion Battery

Highly durable organic electrode for sodium-ion batteries via a stabilized α-C radical intermediate

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