The difference between simulation and measurement results observed at 30 GHz are due to primary sources slightly different in simulation and measurement.In Figure 6, we can observe that the optimum frequency is 32 GHz (measured gain equals to 25 dBi). We can explain this result by the tradeoff between reflection phase by unit cell at 20 and 30 GHz that leads to errors compared to theoretical values of the Fresnel zones. More precisely, 10% of the patches at 30 GHz have a phase error of 388. The tradeoff has more bad effects at this frequency. The radiation pattern was measured at the optimum frequency (32 GHz) and is presented in Figure 8.
CONCLUSIONAn original passive Fresnel Reflectarray was designed and realized for a bi-band satellite communication application. The bi-band behavior is obtained by using multi resonant elementary cells such as double ring patches and ring 1 disk patches. These structures have the benefit of be single layer and are easy to produce. The gain measurement shows that the antenna works correctly at 20 and 30 GHz with only small difference with simulations. The need to have a tradeoff between the reflection phases by elementary cells at 20 and 30 GHz shifts the maximum gain at higher frequency. bandwidth and large size of patch for better performance [3,4]. Researchers are trying to design compact and broad band microstrip antenna. Different techniques like L-shaped, T-shaped, Eshaped U-shaped slots, or slits are incorporated in the ground plane and feeding positions are rearranged to achieve compactness and broad bandwidth [5,6]. But with bandwidth enhancement gain of the antenna rapidly decreases. In this article a half hexagonal broadband microstrip patch antenna is designed to overcome the drawback. With the high peak gain of 6.2 dBi a large frequency band of 2.0-11.5 GHz with 141% of bandwidth is achieved.
ANTENNA DESIGN
Conventional Antenna DesignThe conventional antenna and its dimensions are shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. The area of the half hexagonal radiating patch is 330 mm 2 . A PTFE substrate is used to design the antenna. The feeding point of the conventional half hexagonal patch antenna is located at (25, 1). Similarly a circular and rectangular microstrip patch antenna has been designed with same substrate, dielectric constant, feeding point location, and antenna area of the half hexagonal patch antenna (conventional). The center and diagonal coordinates of all the antennas are located at (0, 0), X (230, 30) and Y (32, 230). The half hexagonal Al A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A 3 0 --3 0 --B 5 --5 --C 1 7 --1 7 --D 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 E 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 F ---26 26 26 G ---19 19 19 H ---22 22 22 I ---19 19 19 J ---5 5 The four rectangular slots are loaded in the ground plane of the proposed patch antenna. With the proposed half hexagonal patch antenna a circular and rectangular patch antenna has been designed and studied. PTFE substrate is used to design the circular and rectangular microstrip patch antenna as shown in Fi...