A high-quality reference genome of wild Cannabis sativa

Gao, Shan; Wang, Baishi; Xie, Shanshan; Xu, Xiaoyu; Zhang, Jin; Li, Pei; Yu, Yifan; Yang, Weifei; Zhang, Ying

doi:10.1038/s41438-020-0295-3

Cited by 96 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Recently, hemp phytochemical pathway genes have been extensively studied via omics approaches ( Braich et al, 2019 ; Vincent et al, 2019 ; Gao et al, 2020 ). However, the characterization of function on most of phytochemical pathway genes remains to be studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Engineering Strategies of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): A Brief Review of the Advances and Challenges

et al. 2020

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Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a diploid (2n = 20), dioecious plant that is grown for fiber, seed, and oil. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in this crop because of its panoply of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other phenolic compounds. Specifically, hemp contains terpenophenolic compounds such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), which act on cannabinoid receptors and positively regulate various human metabolic, immunological, and physiological functions. CBD and CBG have an effect on the cytokine metabolism, which has led to the examination of cannabinoids on the treatment of viral diseases, including COVID-19. Based on genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic studies, several synthetic pathways of hemp secondary metabolite production have been elucidated. Nevertheless, there are few reports on hemp metabolic engineering despite obvious impact on scientific and industrial sectors.In this article, recent status and current perspectives on hemp metabolic engineering are reviewed. Three distinct approaches to expedite phytochemical yield are discussed. Special emphasis has been placed on transgenic and transient gene delivery systems, which are critical for successful metabolic engineering of hemp. The advent of new tools in synthetic biology, particularly the CRISPR/Cas systems, enables environment-friendly metabolic engineering to increase the production of desirable hemp phytochemicals while eliminating the psychoactive compounds, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Engineering Strategies of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): A Brief Review of the Advances and Challenges

et al. 2020

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“…As a result, the first draft Cannabis reference genome, and transcriptome, were constructed in 2011 using the high THCA, low CBDA cultivar, 'Purple Kush', and the high CBDA, low THCA hemp strains, 'Finola' and 'USO-31' [363]. Using a PacBio long-read sequencing platform, the Purple Kush and Finola genomes were again sequenced in 2019 to generate a physical and genetic map for Cannabis, and further distinguish the genes, and importantly the gene products (specifically, the encoded enzymes), underpinning the secondary metabolite profiles responsible for the divergent chemotype between hemp and marijuana cultivars [364,365].…”

Section: Next-generation Sequencing Of the Cannabis Plant And Its Potmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis sativa: Interdisciplinary Strategies and Avenues for Medical and Commercial Progression Outside of CBD and THC

Oultram

Pegler

Bowser³

et al. 2021

Biomedicines

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Cannabis sativa (Cannabis) is one of the world’s most well-known, yet maligned plant species. However, significant recent research is starting to unveil the potential of Cannabis to produce secondary compounds that may offer a suite of medical benefits, elevating this unique plant species from its illicit narcotic status into a genuine biopharmaceutical. This review summarises the lengthy history of Cannabis and details the molecular pathways that underpin the production of key secondary metabolites that may confer medical efficacy. We also provide an up-to-date summary of the molecular targets and potential of the relatively unknown minor compounds offered by the Cannabis plant. Furthermore, we detail the recent advances in plant science, as well as synthetic biology, and the pharmacology surrounding Cannabis. Given the relative infancy of Cannabis research, we go on to highlight the parallels to previous research conducted in another medically relevant and versatile plant, Papaver somniferum (opium poppy), as an indicator of the possible future direction of Cannabis plant biology. Overall, this review highlights the future directions of cannabis research outside of the medical biology aspects of its well-characterised constituents and explores additional avenues for the potential improvement of the medical potential of the Cannabis plant.

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“…This could help in the production of medical/recreational cannabis without the risk of mildew contaminants that could be dangerous for consumers. In parallel, Gao et al (2020) assembled a new genome of C. sativa deriving from wild samples collected in Tibet using a combination of PacBio and Hi-C technologies. Despite all these efforts, an exhaustive meta-analysis of all the cannabis genomics data published so far ( Kovalchuk et al, 2020 ) demonstrated that the currently available cannabis genome assemblies are: i) incomplete, with approximately 10% missing, 10–25% unmapped, and centromeres and satellite sequences unrepresented; ii) ordered at a low resolution and only partially annotated for what concerns genes, partial genes, and pseudogenes.…”

Section: Advances In Cannabis Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars

et al. 2020

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Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is an influential yet controversial agricultural plant with a very long and prominent history of recreational, medicinal, and industrial usages. Given the importance of this species, we deepened some of the main challenges-along with potential solutions-behind the breeding of new cannabis cultivars. One of the main issues that should be fixed before starting new breeding programs is the uncertain taxonomic classification of the two main taxa (e.g., indica and sativa) of the Cannabis genus. We tried therefore to examine this topic from a molecular perspective through the use of DNA barcoding. Our findings seem to support a unique species system (C. sativa) based on two subspecies: C. sativa subsp. sativa and C. sativa subsp. indica. The second key issue in a breeding program is related to the dioecy behavior of this species and to the comprehension of those molecular mechanisms underlying flower development, the main cannabis product. Given the role of MADS box genes in flower identity, we analyzed and reorganized all the genomic and transcriptomic data available for homeotic genes, trying to decipher the applicability of the ABCDE model in Cannabis. Finally, reviewing the limits of the conventional breeding methods traditionally applied for developing new varieties, we proposed a new breeding scheme for the constitution of F 1 hybrids, without ignoring the indisputable contribution offered by genomics. In this sense, in parallel, we resumed the main advances in the genomic field of this species and, ascertained the lack of a robust set of SNP markers, provided a discriminant and polymorphic panel of SSR markers as a valuable tool for future marker assisted breeding programs.

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A high-quality reference genome of wild Cannabis sativa

Cited by 96 publications

References 56 publications

Metabolic Engineering Strategies of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): A Brief Review of the Advances and Challenges

Metabolic Engineering Strategies of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): A Brief Review of the Advances and Challenges

Cannabis sativa: Interdisciplinary Strategies and Avenues for Medical and Commercial Progression Outside of CBD and THC

Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars

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