Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars

Barcaccia, Gianni; Palumbo, Fabio; Scariolo, Francesco; Vannozzi, Alessandro; Borin, Marcello; Bona, Stefano

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.573299

Cited by 64 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…Cannabis is predominantly a short-day plant, with flowering induced by 12-to 14-h photoperiods [29]; however, some photoperiod-insensitive cultivars have been developed. Male and female plants cannot easily be distinguished until flowers begin to appear [26,30]. Male flowers have five green or yellow petals and are larger than female flowers ( Figure 1B).…”

Section: Brief History Of C Sativa In North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male flowers have five green or yellow petals and are larger than female flowers ( Figure 1B). Female flowers consist of an ovule enclosed in a thin green bract with two yellow/whiteish stigma emerging from the closed bracts ( Figure 1C) [26,30]. During the development of the flower, before the elongation of the stigma, glandular trichomes develop on the bract surrounding the ovary ( Figure 1D) [22].…”

Section: Brief History Of C Sativa In North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Monthony

Page

Hesami

et al. 2021

Plants

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The recent legalization of Cannabis sativa L. in many regions has revealed a need for effective propagation and biotechnologies for the species. Micropropagation affords researchers and producers methods to rapidly propagate insect-/disease-/virus-free clonal plants and store germplasm and forms the basis for other biotechnologies. Despite this need, research in the area is limited due to the long history of prohibitions and restrictions. Existing literature has multiple limitations: many publications use hemp as a proxy for drug-type Cannabis when it is well established that there is significant genotype specificity; studies using drug-type cultivars are predominantly optimized using a single cultivar; most protocols have not been replicated by independent groups, and some attempts demonstrate a lack of reproducibility across genotypes. Due to culture decline and other problems, the multiplication phase of micropropagation (Stage 2) has not been fully developed in many reports. This review will provide a brief background on the history and botany of Cannabis as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of Cannabis tissue culture. Special attention will be paid to current challenges faced by researchers, the limitations of existing Cannabis micropropagation studies, and recent developments and future directions of Cannabis tissue culture technologies.

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Section: Brief History Of C Sativa In North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief History Of C Sativa In North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Monthony

Page

Hesami

et al. 2021

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cannabis is predominantly a short-day plant, with flowering induced by 12 to 14-hour photoperiods [29], however, some photoperiod insensitive cultivars have been developed. Male and female plants cannot easily be distinguished until flowers begin to appear [26,30]. Male flowers have five green or yellow petals and are larger than female flowers ( Figure 1B) and are larger than female flowers.…”

Section: Botany and Taxonomy Of C Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male flowers have five green or yellow petals and are larger than female flowers ( Figure 1B) and are larger than female flowers. Female flowers consist of an ovule enclosed in a thin green bract with two yellow/whiteish stigma emerging from the closed bracts ( Figure 1C) [26,30]. During the development of the flower before the elongation of the stigma, glandular trichomes develop on the bract surrounding the ovary ( Figure 1D) [22].…”

Section: Botany and Taxonomy Of C Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Monthony¹,

Page²,

Hesami³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The recent legalization of Cannabis sativa L. in many regions has revealed a need for effective propagation and biotechnologies for the species. Micropropagation affords researchers and producers methods to rapidly propagate insect/disease/virus free clonal plants, store germplasm, and forms the basis for other biotechnologies. Despite this need, research in the area is limited due to the long history or prohibitions and restrictions. Existing literature has multiple limitation: many publications use hemp as a proxy for drug-type Cannabis when it is well established that there is significant genotype specificity, studies using drug-type cultivars are predominantly op-timized using a single cultivar, most protocols have not been replicated by independent groups, and some attempts demonstrate a lack of reproducibility across genotypes. Due to culture decline and other problems the multiplication phase of micropropagation (stage 2) has not been fully developed in many reports. This review will provide a brief background on the history and botany of Cannabis as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of Cannabis tissue culture. Special attention will be paid to current challenges faced by researchers, the limitations of existing Cannabis micropropagation studies, and recent developments and future directions of Cannabis tissue culture technologies.

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“…Marijuana and some hemp genotypes are dioecious crops meaning the male and female reproductive systems occur on separate plants [ 3 ]. For cannabinoid production, seedless and unfertilized female cannabis flowers are the most economical product [ 4 ]. Due to these challenges, breeding strategies in cannabis are complicated, and the existing cultivars are not genetically or phenotypically uniform and plants are most often propagated using clonal methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergizing Off-Target Predictions for In Silico Insights of CENH3 Knockout in Cannabis through CRISPR/Cas

Hesami

Yoosefzadeh-Najafabadi

Adamek

et al. 2021

Molecules

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The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas-mediated genome editing system has recently been used for haploid production in plants. Haploid induction using the CRISPR/Cas system represents an attractive approach in cannabis, an economically important industrial, recreational, and medicinal plant. However, the CRISPR system requires the design of precise (on-target) single-guide RNA (sgRNA). Therefore, it is essential to predict off-target activity of the designed sgRNAs to avoid unexpected outcomes. The current study is aimed to assess the predictive ability of three machine learning (ML) algorithms (radial basis function (RBF), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF)) alongside the ensemble-bagging (E-B) strategy by synergizing MIT and cutting frequency determination (CFD) scores to predict sgRNA off-target activity through in silico targeting a histone H3-like centromeric protein, HTR12, in cannabis. The RF algorithm exhibited the highest precision, recall, and F-measure compared to all the tested individual algorithms with values of 0.61, 0.64, and 0.62, respectively. We then used the RF algorithm as a meta-classifier for the E-B method, which led to an increased precision with an F-measure of 0.62 and 0.66, respectively. The E-B algorithm had the highest area under the precision recall curves (AUC-PRC; 0.74) and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC-ROC; 0.71), displaying the success of using E-B as one of the common ensemble strategies. This study constitutes a foundational resource of utilizing ML models to predict gRNA off-target activities in cannabis.

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Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars

Cited by 64 publications

References 121 publications

The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Synergizing Off-Target Predictions for In Silico Insights of CENH3 Knockout in Cannabis through CRISPR/Cas

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