A high resolution extreme ultraviolet spectrometer system optimized for harmonic spectroscopy and XUV beam analysis

Wünsche, Martin; Fuchs, Silvio; Weber, Thomas; Nathanael, Jan; Abel, Johann J.; Reinhard, Julius; Wiesner, Felix; Hübner, Uwe; Skruszewicz, Slawomir; Paulus, G. G.; Rödel, Christian

doi:10.1063/1.5054116

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Based on the above arguments, it is reasonable to consider the two-photon ionization process which leads to the final states f 1/2 and f 3/2 only. The energy of the subsequent fluorescent photons emitted by a decay of these two states differs by about 0.25 eV, which is well within experimentally resolvable limits [29]. Therefore, these photons can be easily distinguished and their density matrix is given by…”

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confidence: 65%

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Fluorescence polarization as a precise tool for understanding nonsequential many-photon ionization

2019

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Nonsequential two-photon ionization of inner-shell np subshell of neutral atoms by circularly polarized light is investigated. Detection of subsequent fluorescence as a signature of the process is proposed and the dependence of fluorescence degree of polarization on incident photon beam energy is studied. It is generally expected that the degree of polarization remains approximately constant, except when the beam energy is tuned to an intermediate n ′ s resonance. However, strong unexpected change in the polarization degree is discovered for nonsequential two-photon ionization at specific incident beam energy due to a zero contribution of the otherwise dominant ionization channel. Polarization degree of the fluorescence depends less on the beam parameters and its measurements at this specific beam energy, whose position is very sensitive to the details of the employed theory, are highly desirable for evaluation of theoretical calculations of nonlinear ionization at hitherto unreachable accuracy.

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confidence: 65%

“…Moreover, the subsequent fluorescent photon carries energy E 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 3s4s − E 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 4s ≥ 52.26 eV [27], depending on coupling of 2p 5 3s4s electrons. It is therefore clear, that in comparison to ≈ 50 eV produced by the dominant channels, one can filter out the photons arising from the shake-up decay channel by the photon detector [29].…”

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confidence: 99%

Fluorescence polarization as a precise tool for understanding nonsequential many-photon ionization

2019

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“…The divergent EUV radiation is focused into another vacuum chamber by a toroidal mirror. At the focus of the EUV beam, a flat EUV mirror can be moved into the beam to steer it into a high resolution EUV spectrometer [42], which served as an online diagnostic for the produced HHG radiation. Without the mirror, the divergent beam propagated to another pumping stage into the detection chamber consisting of the cryogenic cooling unit and the actual SNSPD, which was exposed to the EUV radiation without any further filter foils.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photon counting of extreme ultraviolet high harmonics using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

et al. 2022

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Laser-driven light sources in the extreme ultraviolet range (EUV) enable nanoscopic imaging with unique label-free elemental contrast. However, to fully exploit the unique properties of these new sources, novel detection schemes need to be developed. Here, we show in a proof-of-concept experiment that superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) can be utilized to enable photon counting of a laser-driven EUV source based on high harmonic generation (HHG). These detectors are dark-count free and accommodate very high count rates—a perfect match for high repetition rate HHG sources. In addition to the advantages of SNSPDs for classical imaging applications with laser-driven EUV sources, the ability to count single photons paves the way for very promising applications in quantum optics and quantum imaging with high energetic radiation like, e.g., quantum ghost imaging with nanoscale resolution.

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“…Precise positioning of the sample is realized by motorized positioners. The reflected radiation is characterized spectrally by an XUV spectrometer [28][29][30] in case of a broad bandwidth source (spectrometer-based XCT). Alternatively, when spectrally tunable monochromatic radiation is used, the reflectivity can be measured by a photodiode while sweeping the wavelength (swept-source XCT) [18].…”

Section: A Common-path Interferometric Apparatus For Xctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherence tomography with broad bandwidth extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation

et al. 2021

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We present an overview of recent results on optical coherence tomography with the use of extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation (XCT). XCT is a cross-sectional imaging method that has emerged as a derivative of optical coherence tomography (OCT). In contrast to OCT, which typically uses near-infrared light, XCT utilizes broad bandwidth extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) radiation (Fuchs et al in Sci Rep 6:20658, 2016). As in OCT, XCT’s axial resolution only scales with the coherence length of the light source. Thus, an axial resolution down to the nanometer range can be achieved. This is an improvement of up to three orders of magnitude in comparison to OCT. XCT measures the reflected spectrum in a common-path interferometric setup to retrieve the axial structure of nanometer-sized samples. The technique has been demonstrated with broad bandwidth XUV/SXR radiation from synchrotron facilities and recently with compact laboratory-based laser-driven sources. Axial resolutions down to 2.2 nm have been achieved experimentally. XCT has potential applications in three-dimensional imaging of silicon-based semiconductors, lithography masks, and layered structures like XUV mirrors and solar cells.

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A high resolution extreme ultraviolet spectrometer system optimized for harmonic spectroscopy and XUV beam analysis

Abstract: Time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of solids in the extreme ultraviolet at 500 kHz repetition rate Review of Scientific Instruments 90, 023104 (2019);

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Fluorescence polarization as a precise tool for understanding nonsequential many-photon ionization

Fluorescence polarization as a precise tool for understanding nonsequential many-photon ionization

Photon counting of extreme ultraviolet high harmonics using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Coherence tomography with broad bandwidth extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation

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