A high‐resolution hydrodynamic investigation of brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) and rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) redds

Marchildon, Mason; Annable, W. K.; Imhof, Jack; Power, Michael

doi:10.1002/rra.1362

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…Spatial analysis of turbulence includes determination of Reynolds' shear stresses, higher order velocity moments and vorticity fields (e.g., Tritico and Hotchkiss 2005;Buffin-Bélanger et al 2006;Marchildon et al 2011), whereas point analysis of turbulence properties include quadrant (Lu and Willmarth 1973), autocorrelation (Bendat and Pierson 1993), and spectral (Welch 1967) analysis of velocity timeseries. These techniques are useful to recognize coherent structures, and to identify predominant coherent mechanisms (e.g., Yossef and de Vriend 2010;Sarkar and Dey 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow in nature-like fishway and its relation to fish behaviour

BretónF.¹,

Link²,

RajaratnamN.³

2013

Can. J. Civ. Eng.

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Experimental results on the nature-like fishway induced flow field and its relation to fish behaviour are presented. A rocky-ramp with 5% slope was built along a 8.9 m × 0.9 m × 0.6 m laboratory flume, and acoustic Doppler velocity measurements were taken in a grid with 186 points for low, middle, and high discharges. The flow is characterized applying spatial and point analysis techniques. Point analysis consistently shows that the boulder to boulder distance is small enough to disrupt turbulent coherent structures. At boulder wakes no predominance of sweep and ejection events occur, evidencing a good resting place for fish migration. The nature-like rocky-ramp offers a diversity of flow conditions controlled by the boulders geometry that might allow a variety of fishes to develop their preferred paths characterized by flow properties with different magnitudes depending on the particular species. Obtained results compare well with similar ones reported for other standard fishways.Résumé : Cet article présente les résultats d'expériences concernant le champ de courant induit dans une passe migratoire d'aspect naturel et sa relation avec le comportement des poissons. Une rampe rocheuse ayant une pente de 5 % a été construite le long d'un canal jaugeur de laboratoire mesurant 8,9 × 0,9 × 0,6 m; des mesures de vitesse ont été prises au débitmètre acoustique selon une grille de 186 points à des débits faibles moyens et élevés. L'écoulement est caractérisé en appliquant des techniques d'analyse spatiale et par points. L'analyse par points montre de manière uniforme que la distance de rocher à rocher est suffisamment petite pour perturber les structures cohérentes de turbulence. Il n'y a aucune prédominance de balayage et d'éjection dans les sillages des rochers, prouvant qu'il s'agit d'un bon endroit de repos pour les poissons en migration. La rampe rocheuse d'aspect naturel offre une diversité de conditions d'écoulement contrôlées par la géométrie des rochers, ce qui pourrait permettre à plusieurs espèces de poissons de développer leur chemin préféré selon les propriétés d'écoulement de différentes amplitudes propres aux espèces particulières. Les résultats obtenus se comparent bien à d'autres résultats similaires rapportés pour d'autres passes migratoires standards. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : débitmètre acoustique, habitat du poisson, passe migratoire, écoulement, passes migratoires d'aspect naturel, turbulence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow in nature-like fishway and its relation to fish behaviour

BretónF.¹,

Link²,

RajaratnamN.³

2013

Can. J. Civ. Eng.

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“…The river spawning behaviour of salmonids has been studied by several researchers over the past several decades (Hobbs, 1937; Burner, 1951; Jones and Ball, 1954; Wickett, 1954; Vaux, 1968; Ottaway et al ., 1981; Shirvell and Dungey, 1983; Hayes, 1987; Chapman, 1988; Trush, 1989; Grost et al ., 1991; Kondolf et al ., 1993; Schmetterling, 2000; Zimmermann and Lapointe, 2005; Zimmer and Power 2006; Marchildon et al ., 2010). From these studies, spawning site selection has been hypothesized to be related to the dimension, pattern, and profile of the channel morphology, bed material grain size distribution, groundwater upwelling, stream‐side cover and/or fluid properties and states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several fluid properties and states have been used to describe the discrete and two‐dimensional planometric flow conditions of river reaches and redd site selection (e.g. Leopold and Maddock, 1953; Statzner et al ., 1988; Davis and Barmuta, 1989; Jowett, 1993; Vogel, 1994; Allan, 1995; Giller and Malmqvist, 1998; Wadeson and Rowntree, 1998; Rempel et al ., 2000; Lamouroux and Capra, 2002; Marchildon et al ., 2010). Parameters have included: discrete observed velocities ( u ), average flow velocities (), flow depths ( h ), Froude number ( F r ) as defined by , Reynolds number ( R e ) as defined by and shear stress ( τ o ) as defined by : where g is the gravitational constant, ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, ρ is the density of the fluid, R is the hydraulic radius, and S f is the friction slope of the channel (often assumed to be equal to the bed slope ( S o ) under uniform flow conditions).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hydrodynamic investigation of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redd selection at the riffle scale

Marchildon

Annable

Power

et al. 2011

River Research & Apps

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High‐resolution velocity profile measurements were taken over a series of riffles on a gravel‐bed stream using a Pulse Coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiler (PCADP) to quantify the fluid structure of riffles and nests (redds) where brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spawned. Velocity profiles were obtained on a highly discretized planometric scale ranging between 20 and 40 cm grid spacings, with vertical observations occurring every 1.6 cm. From the velocity profiles, between 15 000 and 38 000 velocity measurements were obtained over each riffle on any given day of measurement. Velocity profiles were converted to streamwise velocity magnitude, flow depth, Reynolds number, Froude number, shear stress, vertical velocity components and turbulent kinetic energy per unit area to evaluate the spatial structure of the riffles and the spatial structure of redds (pits and tailspills) relative to the surrounding riffle structure. Semi‐variograms were employed to evaluate the persistence of the fluid structure based upon the metrics evaluated. Results showed that discrete velocity observations poorly described the spatial structure of the flow system and poorly correlated with redd locations. Reynolds number analysis identified a relatively consistent fluid property for distances typically 2–3 times the longitudinal length of redds. Turbulent kinetic energy per unit area consistently identified common regions on all riffles studied that corresponded with the location selections for redds where flow was identified as essentially uni‐directional. Froude number was found to be insensitive in predicting the fluid spatial structure in wadeable flow depths and relating it to the fluid structure of redds. Results indicated that a series of metrics at varying spatial scales of turbulence may be necessary to understand the spatial complexity of redd selection. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Unitary injections lower than the mean annual bedload transport capacity must be made to enable downstream sediment transfer and deposition in the widened sections. A simple estimation of gravel volumes could be made considering: (i) setting a minimal sediment thickness of 50 cm, which is required to diversify the riverbed, and includes the depth excavated by salmonids for spawning (Marchildon et al , ), (ii) a 100‐m‐wide channel, and (iii) restoring the first 15 to 20 km of the river reach. This would require between 750 000 and 1 000 000 m 3 of gravel to be supplied to the Old Rhine, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring gravel augmentation in a large regulated river and implications for process‐based restoration

Arnaud

Piégay

Béal

et al. 2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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International audienceThe artificial gravel augmentation of river channels is increasingly being used to mitigate the adverse effects of river regulation and sediment starvation. A systematic framework for designing and assessing such gravel augmentations is still lacking, notably on large rivers. Monitoring is required to quantify the movement of augmented gravel, measure bedform changes, assess potential habitat enhancement, and reduce the uncertainty in sediment management. Here we present the results of an experiment conducted in the Rhine River (French and German border). In 2010, 23 000 m3 of sediments (approximately the mean annual bedload transport capacity) were supplied in a by-passed reach downstream of the Kembs dam to test the feasibility of enhancing sediment transport and bedform changes. A 620-m-long and 12-m-wide gravel deposit was created 8 km downstream from the dam. Monitoring included topo-bathymetric surveys, radio-frequency particle tracking using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, bed grain size measurement, and airborne imagery. Six surveys performed since 2009 have been described (before and after gravel augmentation, and after Q2 and Q15 floods). The key findings are that (i) the augmented gravel was partially dispersed by the first flood event of December 2010 (Q1); (ii) PIT tags were found up to 3200 m downstream of the gravel augmentation site after four years, but the effects of gravel augmentation could not be clearly distinguished from the effects of floods and internal remobilization on more than 3500 m downstream; (iii) linear and log-linear relationships linking bedload transport, particle mobility, and grain size were established; and (iv) combined bathymetry and PIT tag surveys were useful for evaluating potential environmental risks and the first morpho-ecological responses. This confirmed the complementary nature of such techniques in the monitoring of gravel augmentation in large rivers

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A high‐resolution hydrodynamic investigation of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redds

Cited by 10 publications

References 88 publications

Flow in nature-like fishway and its relation to fish behaviour

Flow in nature-like fishway and its relation to fish behaviour

A hydrodynamic investigation of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redd selection at the riffle scale

Monitoring gravel augmentation in a large regulated river and implications for process‐based restoration

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