2016
DOI: 10.1002/2015jc011439
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A high resolution salinity time series 1993–2012 in the North Atlantic from Argo and Altimeter data

Abstract: The study of salinity changes has been hampered by the lack of temporal and spatial resolution of the observations. In order to improve the spatial and temporal distribution of salinity observations, we used the Gravest Empirical Mode (GEM) technique to calculate high‐resolution salinity distributions as a function of dynamic height for the period 1993–2012. This technique combined Argo and altimeter data to exploit the relationship between T/S profiles and dynamic height in the North Atlantic. The method was … Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(41 citation statements)
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References 70 publications
(161 reference statements)
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“…The significant correlation of the NAO and TATL presumably reflects the integrated influence of the NAO through wind‐forced circulation and air‐sea fluxes. The spatial pattern is consistent with surface freshwater fluxes, as the northward shift of storm tracks in positive NAO winters results in increased evaporation‐precipitation ( E‐P ) in the subtropics and decreased E‐P in the SPG [ Hurrell and Deser , ; Stendardo et al , ]. In the tropics, the influence of the NAO onto SSS may reflect enhanced evaporation due to stronger trades and entrainment of saltier equatorial undercurrent water into the mixed layer [ Curry et al , ; Mignot and Frankignoul , ].…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The significant correlation of the NAO and TATL presumably reflects the integrated influence of the NAO through wind‐forced circulation and air‐sea fluxes. The spatial pattern is consistent with surface freshwater fluxes, as the northward shift of storm tracks in positive NAO winters results in increased evaporation‐precipitation ( E‐P ) in the subtropics and decreased E‐P in the SPG [ Hurrell and Deser , ; Stendardo et al , ]. In the tropics, the influence of the NAO onto SSS may reflect enhanced evaporation due to stronger trades and entrainment of saltier equatorial undercurrent water into the mixed layer [ Curry et al , ; Mignot and Frankignoul , ].…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…In the North Atlantic, SSS is of particular importance as it contributes to the density of water masses that take part in the upper branch of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) [Kuhlbrodt et al, 2007], with well-established impacts on the Northern Hemisphere climate [Paillard and Labeyrie, 1994;Stouffer et al, 2006] and on the ocean's capacity to store heat and carbon [Joos et al, 1999;Gruber et al, 2002]. Salinity variations also contribute to North Atlantic regional sea level change [Steele and Ermold, 2007;Durack et al, 2014] and Atlantic marine biodiversity [Lenoir et al, 2011].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The shift of the NWC is not strong, which is in agreement with the findings of Stendardo et al . [], who found from observed salinity gradient composites that the position of the NAC off the Grand Banks is slightly shifted westward during positive NAO years. They argue that the impact of the NAO on the ocean is stronger during persistent positive or negative NAO years as shown by Lohmann et al .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, we are aware of these pseudo-biases due to errors in the in situ records (e.g. Stoffelen, 1998), specifically in the tail regimes, which consequently leads to an increase of the HOAPS uncertainty estimates presented in Sect 4. Two-sided regression analyses could further reduce these spurious biases, which are envisaged for future HOAPS uncertainty characterizations.…”
Section: Double Collocation Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%