A high selective tri-band bandpass filter with switchable passband states

Bandyopadhyay, Anjan; Sarkar, Pankaj; Mondal, Tapas; Ghatak, Rowdra

doi:10.1017/s1759078719001053

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This in turn helps in designing compact band-pass filters [23]. A high selectivity in the passband characteristics is achieved using reconfigurable configuration with a combination of uniform impedance resonators (UIR's) resonating at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz [24,25]. But the topology used here reduces the complexity of using switches for reconfiguring the bands of interest as mentioned in [24,25] and obtaining sharp selectivity by changing the capacitive effect and inductive effect in circular CSRR's.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compact Metamaterial-Based Open-Ended CPW Band-Pass Filter for Wireless Applications

Surendar¹,

Subramaniyan²,

William³

2021

Arab J Sci Eng

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This article suggests an open-ended coplanar waveguide band-pass filter using stepped-impedance resonators (SIR) and complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR) that operates at a wider bandwidth with higher band selectivity at 4G-LTE applications. The filter described here is collimated to work in the frequency range of 2.23-4.2 GHz. SIR is used to provide improved selectivity at 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz with a return loss of − 30 dB and an insertion loss of − 0.2 dB. Similarly, including CSRR in the design aided in attaining broader bandwidth by ensuring a low ripple value across the bandwidth. The fractional bandwidth of 61.3 percent and a 2 GHz broad band coverage is accomplished with a small footprint of (16 × 16 × 0.8) mm 3 . The decreased dimensions of the filter result in a group delay of 0.5 ns for maximum filter performance. By loading CSRR into the structure, it established double negative property in the simulated frequency range of interest. A vector network analyzer is used to evaluate system characteristics such as operational bandwidth, return loss, and insertion loss (VNA). The filter's electrical size (0.19 × 0.19)λ g compactness substantiates its application in 4G-LTE-WLAN/WiMaX standards.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compact Metamaterial-Based Open-Ended CPW Band-Pass Filter for Wireless Applications

Surendar¹,

Subramaniyan²,

William³

2021

Arab J Sci Eng

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“…The primary limitation is the tunability of only one passband among the two. In line with this, the triple-band bandpass filter with two independently switchable passbands is described in Bandyopadhyay et al (2020). Some of the other important research on the development of reconfigurable bandpass filters are described in Huang et al (2014); Liu et al (2012) and Karim and Siyal (2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Miniaturized bandwidth reconfigurable microwave bandpass filter

Ponnammal

Manjula²

2022

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Purpose Modern wireless communications need novel microwave components that can be effectively used for high data rate and low-power applications. The operating environment decides the severity of the noise coupled to the transceiver system from the ambient environment. In a deep fading environment, narrowband systems fail where the wideband systems come for rescue. Thus, the microwave components are ought to switch between the narrowband and wideband states. This paper aims to study the design of a bandpass filter to meet the requirements by appropriately switching between the dual narrowband frequencies and single ultra-wideband frequency band. Design/methodology/approach The design and implementation of a compact microwave filter with reconfigurable bandwidth characteristics are presented in this paper. The proposed filter is constructed using a hexagonal ring with shorted perturbation along one corner. The filter is capacitively coupled to the external excitation source. External stubs are connected to the corners of the hexagonal resonator to obtain dual passband characteristics centred at 2.1 and 4.5 GHz. The external stubs are configured to achieve bandwidth reconfigurable characteristics. PIN diodes are used with a suitable biasing network to obtain reconfiguration. In the reconfigured state, the proposed two-port filter offers a continuous bandwidth from 2.1 to 5.9 GHz. The roll-off rate along the band edges is improved by increasing the order of the filter. Findings The proposed filter operates in two states. In state 1, the filter operates with dual frequencies centred around 2 and 4.5 GHz with insertion loss less than <1 dB and return loss greater than 13 dB with a peak return loss of 21 and 31 dB at 2.1 and 2.15 GHz, respectively. In state 2, the filter operates from 2.1 to 5.9 GHz with insertion loss less than 1 dB and return loss greater than 12 dB. The filter exhibits four-pole characteristics with a peak return loss greater than 22 dB. Thus, the fractional bandwidth of the proposed filter is 17% and 16% in state 1, whereas the fractional bandwidth is 95% in state 2. Originality/value The proposed filter is the first of its kind to simultaneously offer miniaturization and bandwidth reconfiguration. The proposed second-order filter has two-pole characteristics in the narrowband state, whereas four-pole characteristics are realized in the wideband state. The growing interest in 4G and 5G wireless communications makes the proposed filter a suitable candidate for operation in the rich scattering environment.

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“…This can be viewed in research work in Fig. 11 where two PIN diodes are used to reach three centre frequencies 2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz with their fractional bandwidth percentage 7.9/6/9.1, respectively [74]. Fig.…”

Section: Variable Centre Frequency Variable Bandwidthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geometric configuration of PIN diode based reconfigurable filter for 'Variable center frequency variable bandwidth'[74] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency responses of PIN diode based switchable filter for 'Variable centre frequency variable bandwidth'[74] (a) Tri Band BPF (2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz) with FBW 7.9%/6%/9.1% when diode D1 and D2 are OFF (b) Dual Band BPF (3.5/5.2 GHz) with FBW 6%/9.1% when diode D1 is ON, and D2 is OFF (c) Dual Band BPF (2.4/3.5 GHz) with FBW 7.9%/6% when diode D1 is OFF, and D2 is ON (d) BPF (3.5 GHz) with FBW 6% when diode D1 and D2 are ON.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diode Based Reconfigurable Microwave Filters for Cognitive Radio Applications: A Review

et al. 2020

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The cognitive radio paradigm for developing next-century wireless communication systems is rapidly entering the mainstream, and various aspects of it are currently being applied in 5G technology, aeronautical engineering, military communications, emergency, and public safety applications, satellite communication, and healthcare. Cognitive radio focuses on the existence of software defined radio architectures that allow dynamic reconfiguration. Many researchers have taken initiatives in the last decade to achieve the reconfiguration ability in cognitive radio systems to support the concept of dynamic spectrum access. As cognitive radio adapts dynamic spectrum allocation for its users, the physical implementation requires reconfigurable filters that can alter the carrier frequencies and bandwidth. Although there are many ways to reconfigure filter operation, diode based reconfiguration has received utmost attention among researchers because of its shorter response delay and easy implementation. In the last decade, researchers have reported several diode-based reconfigurable filters, including their characteristics such as filter function, filter combination, tuning range, variation in bandwidth, isolation, and resonance. However, to examine the potential of these filters in the application of cognitive radio, a comprehensive review needs to be pursued. In this review article, the descriptions of several diode based reconfigurable filters are illustrated with their exhibiting characteristics. The detailed information provided in this article has disclosed that primarily three different types diode based reconfigurable filters have been reported by researchers: Tunable, Switchable, and Hybrid (Both Tunable and Switchable). It is also found that each type of reconfiguration can further be segregated in terms of filter function, centre frequency variation, and bandwidth variation. The detailed categorization of the reconfiguration presented in this paper provides a systematic approach to select the correct reconfigurable filter for the desired frequency reconfiguration in cognitive radio.

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A high selective tri-band bandpass filter with switchable passband states

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

A Compact Metamaterial-Based Open-Ended CPW Band-Pass Filter for Wireless Applications

A Compact Metamaterial-Based Open-Ended CPW Band-Pass Filter for Wireless Applications

Miniaturized bandwidth reconfigurable microwave bandpass filter

Diode Based Reconfigurable Microwave Filters for Cognitive Radio Applications: A Review

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