A high-speed radio over free space optics transmission link under dust environment conditions employing hybrid wavelength- and mode-division multiplexing

Singh, Mehtab; Pottoo, Sahil Nazir; Suvidhi,; Soi, Vivek; Grover, Amit; Aly, Moustafa H.

doi:10.1007/s11276-021-02774-0

Cited by 24 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Moreover, a radio over FSO link under harsh weather conditions employing mode-division multiplexing was presented 17 . Furthermore, a high-speed radio over FSO transmission link under dust environment conditions employing hybrid wavelength- and mode- division multiplexing was demonstrated 18 . However, the aggregate transmission rates of 40 Gbit/s, 40 Gbit/s, and 160 Gbit/s and are less than the corresponding value of 224 Gbit/s operated in this demonstration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-way 224-Gbit/s PAM4-based fibre-FSO converged system

Tsai

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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A two-way 224-Gbit/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4)-based fibre-free-space optical (FSO) converged system through a 25-km single-mode fibre (SMF) transport with 500-m free-space transmission is successfully constructed, which adopts injection-locked vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with polarisation-multiplexing mechanism for a demonstration. Compared with one-way transmission, two-way transmission is an attractive architecture for fibre-FSO converged system. Two-way transmission over SMF transport with free-space transmission not only reduces the required number of fibres and the setups of free-space transmission, but also provides the advantage of capacity doubling. Incorporating dual-wavelength four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) modulation with polarisation-multiplexing mechanism, the transmission capacity of fibre-FSO converged system is significantly enhanced to 224 Gbit/s (56 Gbit/s PAM4/wavelength × 2-wavelength × 2-polarisation) for downlink/uplink transmission. Bit error rate and PAM4 eye diagrams (downstream/upstream) perform well over 25-km SMF transport with 500-m free-space transmission. This proposed two-way fibre-FSO converged system is a prominent one not only because of its development in the integration of fibre backbone with optical wireless extension, but also because of its advantage in two-way transmission for affording high downlink/uplink data rate with good transmission performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-way 224-Gbit/s PAM4-based fibre-FSO converged system

Tsai

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…A comprehensive list of OWC tests using various lasers and modulation techniques that were conducted between 1960 and 1970 can be found in [6]. Results were frequently subpar because of significant laser beam divergence and inability to handle air disturbances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Anlysis of light and electromagnetic spectrum in spectral range system

2021

Webology

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The electromagnetic spectrum is defined as the energy flowing at the speed of light in all places. through a physical medium or empty space. It is a type of magnetic and electric field. Radio waves, visible light and gamma rays are some examples of electromagnetic wavelength. The experimental study was then performed, accounting for numerous atmospheric variables, in both a lab and in realworld settings. It also depicts the range of spectral energy form ground level to excited level. The field of energy level differs according to the wavelength of the spectrum. This study investigates, conceptually and practically, how atmospheric variables affect the intensity of absorbed radiation. This paper mainly focus on the frequencies and wavelength of the free space or material medium objects, and the applicability of the electromagnetic spectrum. The optical light with a wavelength of around 10 m has better transmission properties than near-infrared wavelengths under conditions of limited visibility (such as light rain and fogs). Analytical research yielded the same conclusion.

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