A high whey protein, vitamin D and E supplement preserves muscle mass, strength, and quality of life in sarcopenic older adults: A double-blind randomized controlled trial

Bo, Yacong; Liu, Changfeng; Ji, Zhe; Yang, Ruihong; An, Qianqian; Zhang, Xueyuan; You, Jie; Duan, Dandan; Sun, Yong; Zhu, Yu; Han, Chen; Lu, Qingshan

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.12.020

Cited by 115 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Evidence indicates that IGF-1 levels may be modified by milk and protein intake [43][44][45][46][47]. A meta-analysis of eight randomised controlled trials showed a statistically significant 13.8 ng/ml (equivalent to about 1.8 nmol/l) difference in IGF-1 levels when comparing the milk intervention group with the control group [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A meta-analysis of eight randomised controlled trials showed a statistically significant 13.8 ng/ml (equivalent to about 1.8 nmol/l) difference in IGF-1 levels when comparing the milk intervention group with the control group [44]. Furthermore, several randomised controlled trials have demonstrated that increased dietary protein intake or whey protein (one of the two proteins in milk) supplementation increase circulating IGF-1 levels [45][46][47]. Intake of protein, particularly from animal sources, has been found to be positively associated with type 2 diabetes risk in observational studies [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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IGF-1 and cardiometabolic diseases: a Mendelian randomisation study

2020

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Aims/hypothesis Abnormal serum IGF-1 levels are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the causal role of IGF-1 levels within the normal range in cardiometabolic disease remains unclear. We employed Mendelian randomisation to explore the associations between genetically predicted serum IGF-1 levels and cardiometabolic diseases. Methods Serum IGF-1 levels were predicted using 416 SNPs associated with IGF-1 levels among 358,072 individuals in UK Biobank. Genetic association estimates for the outcomes were obtained from consortia of type 2 diabetes (74,124 cases, 824,006 controls), coronary artery disease (60,801 cases, 123,504 controls), heart failure (47,309 cases, 930,014 controls), atrial fibrillation (65,446 cases, 522,744 controls), and ischaemic stroke (60,341 cases, 454,450 controls). Results Genetic predisposition to elevated serum IGF-1 levels was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. The OR (95% CI) per SD increment in IGF-1 level was 1.14 (1.05, 1.24) for type 2 diabetes and 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) for coronary artery disease. The association between IGF-1 and coronary artery disease was attenuated after adjustment for type 2 diabetes (OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.00, 1.13]), suggesting that the association may be partly mediated via type 2 diabetes. There was limited evidence of associations between IGF-1 levels and heart failure, atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke. Conclusions/interpretation This study found evidence that increased IGF-1 levels may be causally associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IGF-1 and cardiometabolic diseases: a Mendelian randomisation study

2020

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“…Few studies investigating the impact of vitamin D supplementation alone on muscle mass and function [142,143] reported either no effect or beneficial results. Most of the RCTs evaluating vitamin D, administered with proteins or exercises, reported improvement in muscle mass or lower-extremity function in older patients with sarcopenia [144,145]. Although no study has targeted only patients with diabetes at high risk of sarcopenia, sufficient vitamin D intake together with sufficient protein intake and exercise might also be recommended in older adults with diabetes, especially in those with sarcopenia.…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty

et al. 2020

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The increasing prevalence of older adults with diabetes has become a major social burden. Diabetes, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction are closely related to the mechanisms of aging. Insulin resistance, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction may be common mechanisms shared by frailty and cognitive impairment. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, obesity, vascular factors, physical inactivity, and malnutrition are important risk factors for cognitive impairment and frailty in older adults with diabetes. The impact of nutrients on health outcomes varies with age; thus, shifting diet therapy strategies from the treatment of obesity/metabolic syndrome to frailty prevention may be necessary in patients with diabetes who are over 75 years of age, have frailty or sarcopenia, and experience malnutrition. For the prevention of frailty, optimal energy intake, sufficient protein and vitamin intake, and healthy dietary patterns should be recommended. The treatment of diabetes after middle age should include the awareness of proper glycemic control aimed at extending healthy life expectancy with proper nutrition, exercise, and social connectivity. Nutritional therapy in combination with exercise, optimal glycemic and metabolic control, and social participation/support for frailty prevention can extend healthy life expectancy and maintain quality of life in older adults with diabetes mellitus.

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“…While increased protein intakes and supplements in leucine, vitamin D, and n -3 PUFA support potential gains in muscle mass and function when consumed individually, the combination of these nutrients may provide further benefits. Four recent, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled studies tested a combined supplement of high-quality protein and vitamin D, without exercise intervention, on lean mass, strength, and physical performance [ 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 ]; two of them included added leucine to the mix [ 124 , 126 ], and one included n -3 PUFA, and creatine [ 125 ]. A 13-week multicenter study conducted in 380 sarcopenic older individuals aged ≥65 years with high disability risk found a beneficial effect of a 800 IU vitamin D, 3 g of leucine, and 20 g of whey protein supplement, given twice daily, on the chair-stand time (−1.01 s, 95% CI: −1.77, −0.19), but not on physical performance, mobility, and strength compared to the control group receiving an isocaloric placebo [ 126 ].…”

Section: Combined Supplements Of Protein Leucine Vitamin D and mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Protein, Leucine, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin D in the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia and Functional Decline

2018

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Aging is associated with sarcopenia and functional decline, leading to frailty and disability. As a modifiable risk factor, nutrition may represent a target for preventing or postponing the onset of these geriatric conditions. Among nutrients, high-quality protein, leucine, vitamin D, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are of particular interest for their demonstrated effects on skeletal muscle health. This narrative review aims to examine the recent observational and interventional evidence on the associations and the role of these nutrients in the muscle mass, strength, mobility, and physical function of free-living older adults, who are either healthy or at risk of frailty. Recent evidence supports a higher protein intake recommendation of 1.0–1.2 g/kg/day in healthy older adults; an evenly distributed mealtime protein intake or minimal protein per meal may be beneficial. In addition, vitamin D supplementation of 800–1000 IU, particularly when vitamin D status is low, and doses of ~3 g/day of n-3 PUFA may be favorable for physical function, muscle mass, and strength. Reviewed studies are highly heterogenous, yet the quantity, quality, and timing of intakes should be considered when designing intervention studies. Combined protein, leucine, vitamin D, and n-3 PUFA supplements may convey added benefits and may represent an intervention strategy in the prevention of sarcopenia and functional decline.

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A high whey protein, vitamin D and E supplement preserves muscle mass, strength, and quality of life in sarcopenic older adults: A double-blind randomized controlled trial

Cited by 115 publications

References 35 publications

IGF-1 and cardiometabolic diseases: a Mendelian randomisation study

IGF-1 and cardiometabolic diseases: a Mendelian randomisation study

Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty

An Update on Protein, Leucine, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin D in the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia and Functional Decline

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