A Highly Integrated BOTDA/XFG Sensor on a Single Fiber for Simultaneous Multi-Parameter Monitoring of Slopes

Abstract

A highly integrated sensing technology, combining a stimulated Brillouin scattering-based distributed sensor with XFG (fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and long-period fiber grating (LPFG)) sensors on a single fiber, is proposed for the simultaneous measurement of fully distributed and multiple discrete dynamic strains/temperatures. A multiparameter monitoring scheme for slope safety is developed using this integrated sensing technology. An indoor simulation test is carried out to verify its ability to simultaneously monitor a slope’s surface displacement, an anchor reinforcement’s axial force, and rockfall vibration. The experimental results show that distributed static strain and discrete dynamic strain can be well-measured simultaneously with little interference. The results also demonstrate the XFG sensors’ capability for multi-type and multipoint multiplexing. In addition, the proposed hybrid sensor system has potential for the monitoring of multiple slope parameters simultaneously.

Applicability of an interferometric optical fibre sensor for shallow landslide monitoring – Experimental tests

“…Case studies could be distinguished according to the type of sensing technology, as previously described. In this field, the distributed sensors are much more valued due to the possibility of monitoring large areas with high precision (Iten et al, 2008;Olivares et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2009;Iten et al, 2011;Hauswirth et al, 2013;Huntley et al, 2014;Zhu et al, 2014;Minardo et al, 2014;Zeni et al, 2015;Picarelli et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Sun et al, 2016;Michlmayr et al, 2017;Schenato et al, 2017;Kogure and Okuda, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018;Li et al, 2019;Papini et al, 2020). This category of sensors is followed by semidistributed systems which typically employ FBG sensors in series in applications such as optical fibre-based inclinometers (Yoshida et al, 2002;Ho et al, 2006;Li et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2016).…”

“…Further, works can be differentiated by the type of experimental environment. The majority of the works are carried out under controlled laboratory conditions in order to explore the ability of the sensors to detect precursory signals or to calibrate the strain measured to a certain displacement (Yoshida et al, 2002;Ho et al, 2006;Olivares et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2009;Li et al, 2010;Pei et al, 2011;Iten et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2012a;Huang et al, 2012b;Hauswirth et al, 2013;Schenato et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2014;Minardo et al, 2014;Zeni et al, 2015;Picarelli et al, 2015;Rajan et al, 2016;Michlmayr et al, 2017;Schenato et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019;Papini et al, 2020). Field applications, however, have a non-negligible contribution to the research field as well (Iten et al, 2008;Pei et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2012a;Huang et al, 2012b;Hauswirth et al, 2013;Huntley et al, 2014;Zhu et al, 2014;Minardo et al, 2014;Zeni et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Lienhart, 2015;Sun et al, 2016;Kogure and Okuda, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Structural Crack Detection Using DPP-BOTDA and Crack-Induced Features of the Brillouin Gain Spectrum

“…Liu et al [13] utilized the BOTDA to obtain the strains of the bridge superstructure, which was applied to bridge damage localization using quasi-static strain influence lines. Li et al [14] combined the BOTDA with long-gauge fiber grating sensors on a single fiber to simultaneously monitor the multiple parameters related to the health condition of slopes.…”

A High Precision Fiber Bragg Grating Inclination Sensor for Slope Monitoring

“…With the optical fiber sensing technology having achieved rapid progress, its application in slope internal displacement monitoring has attracted a lot of attention [7][8][9][10]. Compared with the electrical sensing monitoring technology, it has strong corrosion resistance, strong antielectromagnetic interference, ease of composite network, long distance transmission, and other obvious advantages [11].…”