A highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for lactate dehydrogenase based on ultrabright adenosine monophosphate capped gold nanoclusters

Abstract

The ultrabright AuNCs@AMP are used as fluorescence probe to detect lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with high sensitivity and selectivity, showing an extremely low detection limit of 0.2 nM (26 pg μL−1, 0.8 U L−1).

An Overview on Coinage Metal Nanocluster-Based Luminescent Biosensors via Etching Chemistry

“…The luminescence signal can be used as a basis for constructing a luminescence biosensor to detect GSH. Wu et al [ 44 ] constructed a sensor to detect lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDH can be used as a biomarker for common diseases, and its surface contains free thiol groups and thus also has the ability to etch metal NCs.…”

“…Then, a signal of luminescence change is emitted through the transducer component to constitute a completed sensor [ 27 ]. The constructed sensors can be used to detect cations (such as Cr 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Hg 2+ ) [ 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], anions (such as CN − and S 2− ) [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ] and biomolecules (such as thiols and glucose) [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ], etc.…”

“…On the contrary, the storage and application stability of metal nanomaterials are concentrated on the capability to resist etching [ 57 ]. In the area of sensor fabrication, etching technology has also been utilized and pushed forward to the rapid development of luminescence biosensors based on metal NCs [ 1 , 44 ]. However, to the best of our knowledge, the topics that focus on the utilization of etching technology in metal NC-based sensor fabrication are still blank.…”

Biomarker sensing platforms based on fluorescent metal nanoclusters

“…Although a unique tumour marker is not present in all types of cancer, some markers can be found in several different cancers. Currently, some of the most widely used and approved biomarkers for cancer diagnosis are the following: carcinoembryonic antigen, 57 which is characteristic of colorectal cancer; HER2, a cell receptor that can be found in tissue samples from breast, ovarian, bladder, pancreatic and stomach cancer; 58,59 lactate dehydrogenase, an enzyme found in the blood from lymphoma, leukaemia, melanoma and neuroblastoma patients; 60,61 and prostate specic antigen or PSA, which allows the detection of prostate cancer. 62 Over the past few years, the need for more molecules on which clinics can rely to diagnose cancer has led to a wide number of studies on molecules not yet recognized or approved for clinical trials, but which are under scrutiny for their feasibility as cancer biomarkers.…”

Recent advances in understanding the role of metabolic heterogeneities in cell migration

“…Molecular probes that can be stably expressed in multiple cell lines are able to map these minute changes on a cell-by-cell basis to study single cell energetics in the context of larger cell populations. Many fluorescent biosensors thus exist to interrogate cell metabolism in real time, including those measuring the metabolic intermediates lactate 37 and pyruvate 38 or mitochondrial membrane potential 39 . Here, we have focused on just a few of the many probes used to investigate cell migration and metabolism.…”